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目的了解中山市临床医务人员对预防接种知识的认知情况,为免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,随机抽取市、镇(区)两级医院共460名临床医务人员为对象,设计调查问卷开展调查,调查员经过统一培训。结果发出460份调查问卷,收回有效问卷450份,有效应答率97.83%。知道一类疫苗和二类疫苗品种的知晓率最低,分别为20.00%和14.44%。临床医生和护理人员主要通过报刊书籍获得相关知识(50.89%、45.03%),医技人员主要通过免费宣传资料获得(50.00%)。通过朋友或同事(χ2=12.494,P<0.05)和免费宣传资料(χ2=9.684,P<0.05)获得相关知识的差异有统计学意义;临床医生与护理(χ2=10.286,P<0.05)和医技(χ2=6.856,P<0.05)获得知识的差异有统计学意义。结论临床医务人员对预防接种相关知识知晓程度偏低及获得相关知识的途径欠规范。应通过改进或及时更新理论联系实际的宣传培训,全面提高临床医务人员对预防接种的认知情况,从而提高疫苗接种率。
Objective To understand the cognition of vaccination knowledge of clinical medical staff in Zhongshan and to provide a scientific basis for immunization planning. Methods Using simple random sampling method, a total of 460 clinical medical staff at city and town (district) level hospitals were randomly selected for the investigation. Questionnaires were designed and investigated, and the investigators were uniformly trained. 460 questionnaires were issued and 450 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 97.83%. Know the awareness of a class of vaccine and two types of vaccine, the lowest awareness, respectively, 20.00% and 14.44%. Clinicians and nurses mainly obtained relevant knowledge (50.89%, 45.03%) through newspapers and magazines, while medical technicians obtained mainly through free publicity materials (50.00%). The difference was statistically significant between the knowledge gained from friends or colleagues (χ2 = 12.494, P <0.05) and free publicity materials (χ2 = 9.684, P <0.05) Medical technology (χ2 = 6.856, P <0.05) obtained the knowledge difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The clinicians are not aware of the knowledge about vaccination and the way to obtain relevant knowledge is not standardized. The vaccination rate should be raised by improving or timely updating the theory and practicing publicity and training so as to comprehensively improve the awareness of clinicians on vaccination.