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目的识别城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业接触的常见肠杆菌科细菌,分析其危害程度,筛选关键控制点。方法采用现场职业卫生调查法、系统工程分析法、文献复用法、危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)技术,分析城市生活垃圾收集、清理、转运、接收工作场所的常见肠杆菌科细菌危害状况,按照岗位从可能来源,接触的时间、方式和频率,主要危害特性共5个方面描述作业人员的接触特点,确定关键控制因素,筛选关键控制点。结果城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业接触的肠杆菌科细菌以埃希菌属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属常见,在垃圾人工收集、垃圾压缩、吊装操作以及垃圾卸料时均可存在。清运及接收作业全年不间断,工作日内间断与连续作业并存,短时间接触与长时间接触并存。保洁工和转运工直接接触肠杆菌科细菌机会多,作业时间较固定,接触时间相对较短。地磅和卸料指挥作业自动化程度较高,间接接触为主,接触时间长,连续作业居多。将清运作业自动化、密闭、吸附、生物因素监测、职业健康监护、消毒效果监测列为关键控制点,并提出防控对策。结论城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业均可接触埃希菌属、沙门氏菌属、志贺菌属,需要加强生物因素监测、职业健康监护、个人防护和消毒,并进行消毒效果监测。
OBJECTIVE To identify common Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in the collection, cleaning, transhipment and reception of municipal solid waste (MSW), analyze the degree of harm and screen the key control points. Methods The methods of on-the-spot occupational health investigation, systematic engineering analysis, literature reuse, hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) were used to analyze the status of the common bacteria in Enterobacteriaceae collected, cleaned, transported and accepted in the workplace , Describe the contact characteristics of workers according to the five sources of possible sources, time, mode and frequency of exposure, and major hazard characteristics, identify key control factors and screen key control points. Results The Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in contact with the collection, cleaning, transhipment and reception of MSW were common in Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella. During the manual collection, waste compression, lifting operation and unloading of garbage Can exist. Clear transportation and receiving operations throughout the year uninterrupted, continuous working days and discontinuous operation of coexistence, short-term exposure and prolonged exposure co-exist. Cleaners and transfer workers direct access to enterobacteriaceae bacteria more opportunities, more fixed operation time, contact time is relatively short. Loadometer and unloading command a high degree of automation, indirect contact-based, long contact time, the majority of continuous operations. The operation of clear transport operations, confined, adsorption, biological factors monitoring, occupational health monitoring, monitoring of disinfection as a key control point, and proposed prevention and control measures. Conclusion The collection, cleaning, transhipment and receiving of municipal solid waste can all contact with Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella. Biomonitoring, occupational health monitoring, personal protection and disinfection should be strengthened and the disinfection effect monitoring should be carried out.