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本文主要立足于美国侵权法上的干涉合同制度,采用历史分析、比较分析和案例分析的方法对该制度进行了详细的介绍和阐释,以期对我国相关制度的构建提供借鉴。本文一共分为四个部分:第一部分主要介绍了美国侵权法上干涉合同责任制度的产生和发展历程,详细分析了该制度产生的直接动因和现实需要,揭示了其产生和勃兴的过程。第二部分是以《第二次侵权法重述》的相关规定为基础,通过对数个经典案例的分析,从表现形态、构成要件、法律救济、免责事由四个方面详细介绍了该制度的基本内涵,重点关注法官根据社会发展的需要所创立的判例法上的基本规则以及利益衡量标准。第三部分是以第一、第二部分的内容为基础,从宏观的角度概括了美国干涉合同制度在四个方面的主要特征,并预测了其发展趋势。本部分还采用比较分析的方法指出了该制度与大陆法系的第三人侵害债权制度在产生基础、适用范围和对损害后果的程度要求上的差异。第四部分对我国建立第三人侵害债权制度的必要性和立法根据进行了阐述,并在借鉴美国侵权法上相关规定的基础上设计出了未来第三人侵害债权制度的基本框架,以供我国立法者制定未来民法典时参考。
This article mainly bases on the intervention contract system in the Tort Law of the United States, and introduces and explains the system in detail by using the methods of historical analysis, comparative analysis and case analysis in order to provide reference for the construction of relevant systems in China. This article is divided into four parts altogether: The first part mainly introduces the emergence and development of the system of liability for interference in US tort law, analyzes the direct motivation and actual needs of the system in detail, and reveals the process of its emergence and flourishing. The second part is based on the relevant provisions of “Restatement of the Second Tort Law”. Based on the analysis of several classic cases, this part introduces the system in detail from the four aspects of manifestations, constitutional elements, legal remedies and exemptions Basic connotation, focusing on the judges in accordance with the needs of social development founded on the basic rules of case law and the measure of interest. The third part is based on the contents of the first part and the second part. It summarizes the main features of the U.S. interference in the contract system in four aspects from a macro perspective and predicts its development trend. This part also uses the comparative analysis method to point out the differences between this system and the civil liability system of the third party in generating the foundation, the scope of application and the degree of damage to the consequences. The fourth part elaborates the necessity and legislative basis for the establishment of a third party infringement system in our country and draws up the basic framework of the future third party infringement system based on the relevant provisions of the Tort Law of the United States Our country legislators make reference to the future civil code.