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以祁连山北坡为典型研究区,分析了20条河流所在流域的水文、气象数据以及植被、冰川等山地景观要素的特征数据,采用流域对比分析的方法,研究了山地植被景观及冰川覆盖对河川径流的影响.结果表明:森林、草地及冰川是祁连山区影响河川径流量的主要景观要素.森林有“减少”径流的作用,而草地、冰川有“增加”径流的作用,并且随着森林、草地覆盖率的增高,相应的河川径流量“减少”或“增加”速率变缓.祁连山各景观要素中草地、森林、冰川覆盖率在现有基础上各自相对增加1%时对应的河川调节量分别为2.3mm、-0.27mm、0.06mm.研究区相同面积景观要素的径流调节能力有:森林>草地>冰川,其中森林的径流调节能力明显要高于草地、冰川,平均是草地、冰川的3.45倍与11.4倍.
Taking the northern slope of Qilian Mountain as a typical study area, the hydrological and meteorological data of 20 river basins and the characteristic data of the landscape elements such as vegetation and glaciers are analyzed. By using the comparative analysis of watersheds, the effects of mountain vegetation landscape and glacier coverage on rivers The results show that forests, grasslands and glaciers are the main landscape elements influencing river runoff in the Qilian Mountains. The forest has the role of “reducing” runoff and the grasslands and glaciers have runoff effects of “increasing” With the increase of forest and grassland coverage, the corresponding river runoff “slowed down” or “increased” at a slower rate.The coverage of grassland, forest and glacier in each landscape element of Qilian Mountains increased relative to each other on an existing basis 1% of the corresponding adjustment of the river were 2.3mm, -0.27mm, 0.06mm. The same area of the study area of the runoff regulation capacity of landscape elements are: forest> grassland> glacier, of which the runoff regulation capacity of forest was significantly higher than that of grassland, Glaciers, on average, are 3.45 times as much grass and glaciers as 11.4 times more glaciers.