当代中国正处在社会转型时期。在这个时期,聚众、骚乱、集体行为和群众运动等社会现象,越来越引起人们的关注。这类现象在西方发达国家,早在工业化和城市化过程时就已经发生。最早研究聚众现象的学者是法国社会心理学家列朋(1841～1931)。美国社会学家罗伯特·帕克(1864～1944)受列朋的启发,于1904年用德文写了《聚众与公众》一书,这是他对集体行为的最初研究。后来,帕克在芝加哥大学社会系任教期间,与伯吉斯(1886～1966)合著的《社会学科学导论》中,第一次对集体行为作了全面的介绍。此后,社会学才把集体行为作为自己的一个研究领域。集体行为的定义 帕克认为,基于集体性——个人的聚合这一简单事实往往不能构成社会,然而,当人们以任何 Contemporary China is in a period of social transformation. During this period, social phenomena such as gathering crowds, riots, collective actions and mass movements attracted more and more attention. Such phenomena have occurred in the developed western countries as early as in the process of industrialization and urbanization. The earliest scholars studying the phenomenon of agglomeration were the French social psychologists and friends (1841 ~ 1931). American sociologist Robert Parker (1864 ~ 1944), inspired by his friends, wrote in 1904 the book “Assemblies and the Public” in German, which is his initial study of collective behavior. Later, Parker, for the first time in a “Introduction to Sociology of Science” co-authored with Burgess (1886-1966) during the teaching of the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago, made a comprehensive introduction to collective behavior. Since then, sociology has regarded collective behavior as one of its own areas of research. Definition of Collective Behavior Park argues that the simple fact of aggregation based on collectivity and individuality often can not constitute society, however, when people use any