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目的探讨小儿惊厥的病因及临床特点。方法对铜陵市妇幼保健院收治的192例小儿惊厥的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果小儿惊厥发病年龄以1～3岁最多,为81例(42.2%);其次是1月龄～1岁,为48例(25%);3～5岁为45例(23.4%);5岁以上18例(9.4%)。有家族史者34例,既往有惊厥史56例,全年均有发病。小儿惊厥的病因中,热性惊厥138例(71.9%)(其中上呼吸道感染71例,支气管炎31例,支气管肺炎38例,细菌性肠炎6例),癫痫22例(11.5%);颅内感染15例(7.8%);轮状病毒肠炎12例(6.25%);电解质紊乱2例(1.04%);药物中毒2例(1.04%);代谢性疾病1例(0.52%)。192例中189例痊愈出院,好转3例。结论热性惊厥为小儿惊厥最常见的原因,其次是癫痫、病毒性脑炎,发病年龄以1～3岁为主。
Objective To investigate the etiology and clinical features of pediatric convulsions. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 192 pediatric convulsions admitted to Tongling Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Results The onset age of pediatric convulsions was the highest in 1 to 3 years (81%, 42.2%), followed by 1 month to 1 year (48%), 45 (23.4%) at 3 to 5 years, 18 years old (9.4%). There are 34 cases of family history, history of 56 cases of previous history of convulsions, the incidence all year round. Fever in children with convulsions in 138 cases (71.9%) (71 cases of upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis in 31 cases, bronchial pneumonia in 38 cases, bacterial enteritis in 6 cases), epilepsy in 22 cases (11.5%); intracranial Infected 15 cases (7.8%); rotavirus enteritis in 12 cases (6.25%); electrolyte disorders in 2 cases (1.04%); drug poisoning in 2 cases (1.04%); metabolic disease in 1 case (0.52%). Of the 192 cases, 189 were discharged, 3 were improved. Conclusions Fever seizures are the most common causes of pediatric convulsions, followed by epilepsy and viral encephalitis. The age of onset is mainly 1 to 3 years old.