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中国煤矿开采条件复杂,煤层顶板多为分层性强的复合顶板,含有软弱夹层时采用锚杆支护技术难度大、安全可靠性低。根据煤巷顶板软弱夹层和锚固区的相对位置,采用物理模拟方法研究了三种软弱夹层层位条件下顶板的采动失稳特征和破坏型式,提出了包括锚杆支护承载性能强化、巷道破裂围岩体强度强化和围岩承载结构强化的巷道围岩强化控制原理;在应用安全因子AQ对顶板安全可靠性进行分级评估基础上,给出对应于不同顶板软弱夹层层位的煤巷分级强化控制对策。研究成果已在安徽两淮矿区煤巷工程实践中成功推广应用35×104 m。
China’s coal mining conditions are complex, mostly coal roof multi-layered composite roof, including the weak sandwich bolt support technology is difficult, low safety and reliability. According to the relative position of the weak interlayer and the anchorage zone in the coal seam roof, the mining instability characteristics and failure modes of the roof under three kinds of weak interlayer are studied by physical simulation method. Based on the application of the safety factor AQ to classify the safety and reliability of the roof, the coal lane classification corresponding to the different layers of the weak roof is given Strengthen control measures. The research achievements have been successfully popularized and applied 35 × 104 m in coal tunnel engineering practice of Anhui Lianghuai mining area.