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附子是我国毒性中药的代表品种,具有较高的药用价值,同时也具有一定的安全风险。随着城市化进程的推进及产业转移升级,逐渐形成了传统道地产区与新兴产区并存的局面。不同产区在地理分布、生态环境及生长周期等方面的差异性,可能导致附子种内化学成分的变异,进而影响品质和疗效。然而,有关不同产区附子的化学特征成分尚缺少深入研究。应用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)方法对比分析传统不同产地附子的化学成分差异。结果表明,采用无监督的主成分分析(PCA),汉中附子与道地的江油附子成分相似,明显不同于新兴产区的布拖与巍山附子;运用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),筛选发现7个主要差异化合物,其中新乌头碱与附子灵在布拖附子与巍山附子中含量较高,而次乌头碱、尼奥林、卡米查林、宋果灵等在江油附子与汉中附子中含量较高;结合各成分的毒性强弱,发现次乌头碱与新乌头碱是区分江油附子与布拖附子、巍山附子的关键毒性成分,江油附子毒性低于布拖附子与巍山附子。江油附子较低的毒性有利于保障临床用药安全,可能是附子道地性形成的重要原因之一。上述研究结果为从次生代谢产物多样性角度揭示附子道地性的形成机制提供了新的参考数据。
Aconite is a representative variety of toxic traditional Chinese medicine, has a high medicinal value, but also has some security risks. With the advancement of urbanization and the upgrading of industrial transfer, a situation of coexistence of traditional and new producing areas has gradually taken shape. The differences in the geographical distribution, ecological environment and growth cycle of different producing areas may lead to the variation of chemical composition in the aconite species, thus affecting the quality and curative effect. However, the chemical composition of aconite in different areas is lack of further study. The differences of the chemical components of the traditional Chinese medicine aconite from different areas were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The results showed that Hanzhong aconite was similar to the authentic Jiangyou Aconite using the unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), which was significantly different from that of the Bosuo and Weishanfuzi in Xinxing producing areas. The PLS-DA ), Screening found seven main differences between compounds, including aconitine and aconitine in the Buwa Fuzi and Aconite high content, and hypaconitine, Ni Aolin, Kamichalin, Song Guoling et al in Jiangyou Aconite and Hanzhong aconite content is higher; combined with the toxicity of various components of the toxicity and found that hypaconitine and mesaconitine Jiangyou Fuzi and Buludzu, Weishan aconite the key toxic components, Fujian less toxic than cloth Dragons attached and Weishan aconite. The lower toxicity of Jiangya aconite helps to ensure the safety of clinical medication and may be one of the important reasons for the formation of aconite tract. The above results provide new reference data for revealing the formation of monosodium glutamate from the perspective of secondary metabolites diversity.