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我国《刑法》第20条对正当防卫及防卫过当作出了规定,明确所应承担的责任。但刑法对“明显超过必要限度”和“重大损害”的界限不清晰。造成在实践中认定正当防卫和防卫过当行为的不一致。本文尝试从防卫过当与正当防卫之间的异同、关系及联系行政法中自由裁量问题中的共性进行探讨,判断何谓明显超过必要限度,何谓造成重大损害,这对正确区分正当防卫和防卫过当是十分重要的。也是对行为人是否定罪,能否作出公平、公正的判决。
Article 20 of China’s Criminal Law sets forth the requirements of justifiable defense and over-defense, specifying the responsibilities to be undertaken. However, the criminal law does not provide a clear definition of “obviously exceeding the necessary limit ” and “major injury ”. Resulting in inconsistencies in practice of justifying legitimate defense and over-defense. This article attempts to explore the similarities and differences between defense over-the-counter and legitimate defense as well as the commonalities in connection with the issue of discretion in administrative law to determine what is obviously more than necessary and what constitutes significant damage. This is the correct distinction between justifiable defense and defense When it is very important. It is also a conviction of the perpetrator and whether a fair and impartial judgment can be made.