【目的】叶面肥中的钠离子(Na~+)大多为伴随离子,其对作物的影响通常被忽视。实践中,Na~+对作物的作用包括促进和抑制两方面,取决于作物营养生理状况。研究Na~+对花生的抑制与缺氮(N)胁迫的关系,探索补施氮素对上述抑制作用的恢复效应,可为花生高效合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】盆栽试验在山东省花生研究所人工气候室内进行,设喷施肥料中含Na~+0、2.0、10.0 mg/pot 3个水平,依次记为T0、T1和T2。测定了花生叶片光合作用、茎叶及根干物质累积、根系形态特性和养分吸收,比较了缺氮胁迫(T0、T1、T2)和后期补施尿素态N(T0-N、T1-N、T2-N)条件下Na~+对花生影响的差异,并深入分析花生Na吸收与干物质累积和氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分吸收的相关关系。【结果】1)缺氮胁迫条件下,叶面喷施Na~+显著抑制了花生的光合作用,净光合速率由CO_2 11.4μM/(m~2·s)下降到CO_2 6.7~7.5μM/(m~2·s)。茎叶和根干重T0(6.4和2.4 g/pot)>T1(5.7和1.9 g/pot)>T2(5.3和1.5 g/pot)。与T0相比,根总长度、总表面积和总体积T1处理下降了7.8%~10.5%,T2处理显著下降了27.5%~31.8%。植株Na与N、K含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),花生Na吸收量每增加1.0 mg/pot,植株总的N、K吸收量分别下降26.6和20.9 mg/pot。2)后期补充喷施氮素条件下,施Na~+处理花生茎叶干物重比不施Na~+处理增加了20.3%~25.8%。补施氮素后,施Na~+促进了茎叶对N、P、K的吸收,N的吸收量增加了9.2%~19.2%,P增加了20.0%~42.3%,K增加了21.4%~24.0%。相关性分析表明,花生植株总干物重及P、K含量在补施氮素后与Na含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。【结论】Na~+对花生生长及养分吸收的影响与氮素营养有关。在缺氮胁迫下,Na~+对花生的生长为抑制作用,抑制程度随喷施量增加而加重,高浓度Na~+显著抑制根茎叶干物质的累积和N、K养分的吸收。补施氮肥提高了花生植株对Na~+的适应性,恢复了光合作用及养分吸收能力,消除了Na胁迫的危害作用,产生“N–Na”协同促进效应。 【Objective】 Most of sodium ions (Na ~ +) in foliar fertilizer are accompanying ions and their effects on crops are usually neglected. In practice, the role of Na ~ + on crops includes promoting and inhibiting both, depending on the nutritional physiology of the crop. The relationship between Na ~ + inhibition of peanut and nitrogen deficiency (N) stress was explored to explore the recovery effect of nitrogen supplementation on these inhibitions, which could provide a theoretical basis for efficient and reasonable fertilization of peanut. 【Method】 The pot experiment was conducted in the artificial climate chamber of Shandong Peanut Research Institute. Fertilizers were sprayed with 3 levels of Na ~ +0,2.0 and 10.0 mg / pot, which were denoted as T0, T1 and T2 respectively. Photosynthesis, accumulation of stem and leaf dry matter, root morphology and nutrient absorption of peanut leaves were measured. The effects of nitrogen deficiency stress (T0, T1, T2) and urea nitrogen supplementation (T0-N, T1- T2-N) on the peanut, and further analyzed the relationship between Na uptake and dry matter accumulation and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake in peanut. 【Result】 Under nitrogen stress conditions, foliar application of Na ~ + significantly inhibited the photosynthesis of peanut, and the net photosynthetic rate decreased from CO 2 11.4μM / (m 2 · s) to CO 2 6.7 ~ 7.5μM / ( m ~ 2 · s). T0 (6.4 and 2.4 g / pot)> T1 (5.7 and 1.9 g / pot)> T2 (5.3 and 1.5 g / pot) stems and leaves, respectively. Compared with T0, total root length, total surface area and total volume T1 treatment decreased by 7.8% -10.5%, while T2 treatment decreased by 27.5% -31.8%. There was a significant negative correlation between Na content and N and K content (P <0.05). When the Na uptake of peanut was increased by 1.0 mg / pot, the N and K uptake by plant decreased by 26.6 and 20.9 mg / pot, respectively. 2) Under the conditions of nitrogen supplementation at the late stage, the dry weight of stems and leaves of peanut treated with Na ~ + increased by 20.3% ~ 25.8% compared with no Na ~ + treatment. After supplementing nitrogen, application of Na + promoted the absorption of N, P and K on stems and leaves, N absorption increased by 9.2% -19.2%, P increased by 20.0% -42.3%, K increased by 21.4% ~ 24.0%. Correlation analysis showed that total dry weight and P, K contents of peanut plants had a significant positive correlation with Na content (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 The effect of Na ~ + on the growth and nutrient absorption of peanut is related to nitrogen nutrition. Under nitrogen stress, Na ~ + inhibited the growth of peanut, and the inhibition increased with the increase of spraying amount. High concentrations of Na ~ + significantly inhibited the accumulation of dry matter and the absorption of N and K nutrients in rhizomes and leaves. Supplementary nitrogen fertilizer increased the adaptability of peanut plants to Na ~ +, restores the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption ability, eliminates the harm effect of Na stress, and produces “N-Na” synergistic promotion effect.