本文报导对婴儿高钠血症性脱水者,应用地塞米松治疗,以减轻其脑水肿病变和防止惊厥再发的效果。年龄自5～13.4周的90例患胃肠炎的婴儿,入院时都有体重10～15％的体液丢失,有中度到重度的高渗性脱水(血浆钠>150mmol/L血浆渗透压>350mmol/L),入院前84％病婴有惊厥史,每例均作腰穿以除外脑膜炎。全部病例都无脑或肾脏病史。将病例随机 This article reports the effect of dexamethasone treatment on infant hypernatremic dehydration in order to reduce its cerebral edema lesions and prevent the recurrence of convulsions. 90 infants with gastroenteritis aged 5 to 13.4 weeks had body fluid loss of 10-15% of body weight on admission with moderate to severe hyperosmolar dehydration (plasma sodium> 150 mmol / L plasma osmolality> 350mmol / L). Before admission, 84% of sick and infants had a history of convulsions, and every case had a lumbar puncture to exclude meningitis. All cases had no history of brain or kidney disease. The cases were randomized