学者蒋学模认为,中国部分国有企业经营困难,其根本原因,在于“所有者虚位”或“产权虚位”。因此,他提出,要调动各级政府管理国有企业的积极性,比较彻底的解决方法是对现有的全民企业按其社会化程度,实行国有、省有、县有“三级全民所有制形式”,即“三级分制”,从根本上来划分责权,改变目前状况。 Scholar Jiang Xuemo believes that some of China’s state-owned enterprises have difficulties in operating. The underlying reason lies in the “position of the owner” or the “emptiness of the property rights.” Therefore, he proposed that to mobilize the enthusiasm of all levels of government in managing state-owned enterprises, a more thorough solution is to implement the “three levels of ownership by all citizens” in the state-owned, provincial-owned, and county-owned enterprises according to their degree of socialization. That is, the “three-level division system” fundamentally divides the responsibilities and rights and changes the current situation.