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心理素质教育的目的是提高心理健康水平,正确地调节心理活动和社会行为,培养具有良好适应性的健全人格。人格有两种含义。人们平常所说的“我以人格担保”或“某人没有人格”,是指道德品质而言,这是伦理学的定义。心理学研究的人格,是指一个人在一生的漫长历程中,所逐渐形成的表现为稳定的和持续的心理特点,以及行为方式的总体。它包括心理的个性差异:能力、气质和性格,也包括心理的个性倾向:如需要、动机、兴趣、价值观念、信念和人生观等稳定的心理特点。也可以说是个人的个性或一个人的基本的精神面貌。人格的发展水平有较大的差别。有的人具有成熟和健全的人格。在日常生活中表现为心理承受力强,经受得起挫折和失败的打击,面对意外事件和激烈的精神刺激,不会采取变态的逃避或消极的反应行为。凡人格不成熟或不健全者,通常表现是心理脆弱、行为幼稚、情绪波动。碰到困难、挫折和打击便经受不了,哪怕是一般人认为微不足道的刺激,如老师的批评、父母的训斥、同学的冷漠等,都会使他们失去正常的态度和行为,甚至导致心理疾病或冲动伤人,或自我伤害等意外事件。此外,还有一些则属于变态心理范畴,他们有介于正常人和精神病人之间的行为特征。例如以行为怪僻、奇异为特点的偏执型人格、分裂型人格;以情感强烈、不稳定为特点的反社会型人格、癔症型人格;以情绪紧张、行为退缩为特点的依赖型人格、强迫型人格等等。
The purpose of psychological quality education is to improve the mental health level, correctly regulate the psychological activities and social behaviors, and cultivate a sound personality with good adaptability. Personality has two meanings. People usually say “I guarantee personality” or “someone without personality” refers to the moral character, which is the definition of ethics. Psychological study of personality, is a person in the long course of life, the gradual formation of the performance of a stable and sustained psychological characteristics, as well as the overall behavior. It includes the psychological personality differences: ability, temperament and personality, but also psychological personality trends: such as needs, motivation, interests, values, beliefs and outlook on life and other stable psychological characteristics. It can also be said that the individual’s personality or a person’s basic mental outlook. There is a big difference in the level of personality development. Some people have a mature and healthy personality. In daily life, it manifests itself as a strong psychological endurance, withstands the frustration and the defeat of the blow, in the face of unexpected events and intense mental stimulation, will not take perverted evasion or negative reaction. Where the personality is immature or not perfect, the usual performance is psychological vulnerability, behavior naive, mood swings. When encountering difficulties, frustrations and strikes, they can not stand the test of even minor trivial stimuli such as teacher criticisms, parental reprimands and classmates’ indifference, which can cause them to lose their normal attitude and behavior and even lead to mental illness or impulse injuries People, or self-harm and other accidents. In addition, there are some are abnormal psychology category, they have between normal and mental patients behavioral characteristics. Such as paranoid personality and schizotypal personality characterized by odd behavior and singularity; antisocial personality and hysterical personality characterized by strong emotion and instability; dependent personality characterized by emotional stress and withdrawal of behavior, forced type Personality and so on.