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目的:通过直线加速器全身照射昆明小鼠建立辐射损伤模型,探索不同放射剂量对小鼠健康状况及涎腺功能和结构的影响。方法:选取八种不同剂量对昆明小鼠行体外全身照射,于照射后一个月内观察小鼠生长情况、体重变化;照射后一周、一个月检测各组小鼠血象的变化;测定放射半数致死剂量;照射后两个月,测定各组小鼠的唾液流量及唾液淀粉酶含量,并对下颌下腺组织切片行HE染色。结果:13Gy和15Gy照射组小鼠的体重逐渐下降,一周后死亡,其余组小鼠体重最终呈增加趋势。X-射线全身照射的半数致死量为10Gy。照射后一周,照射组小鼠的白细胞数目明显降低,与对照组比较有明显统计学差异(P<0.01);在其他血象方面,除了7Gy组外,其他照射组与对照组比较也均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。照射一个月后,各照射组小鼠的血象均恢复正常。照射后两个月,9Gy组和11Gy组小鼠的唾液流量及唾液淀粉酶含量均显著低于0Gy组,且11Gy组较9Gy组亦明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随照射剂量的增加,小鼠的下颌下腺腺泡细胞数目逐步减少,结构排列紊乱,组织损伤逐渐加重。结论:X-射线全身照射引起小鼠健康状况受损,免疫功能减低,损伤程度与放射线强度呈剂量依赖性,小鼠半数致死量为10Gy,该剂量适合建立全身放射损伤模型。
OBJECTIVE: To establish a radiation injury model in Kunming mice by using a linear accelerator and explore the effects of different dosages on the health status and the function and structure of salivary glands in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were subjected to whole-body irradiation in eight different doses. The growth and body weight of the mice were observed within one month after irradiation. The changes of the mice’s blood were measured one week and one month after irradiation. Dose; two months after irradiation, the salivary flow and salivary amylase content of the mice in each group were measured, and the submandibular gland tissue sections were stained with HE. Results: The body weight of mice in 13Gy and 15Gy groups decreased gradually and died a week later. The weight of mice in other groups eventually increased. The median lethal dose of X-ray whole body irradiation is 10 Gy. One week after irradiation, the number of white blood cells in irradiation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.01); in other blood groups, except for 7Gy group, the other irradiation groups were also compared with the control group Learning difference (P <0.05). After one month of irradiation, the blood of mice in each irradiation group returned to normal. Two months after irradiation, the salivary flow rate and salivary amylase content of 9Gy and 11Gy mice were significantly lower than that of 0Gy group, and 11Gy group was significantly lower than 9Gy group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). With the increase of irradiation dose, the number of submandibular gland acinar cells in mice gradually decreased, the structure was disordered and the tissue injury gradually aggravated. Conclusion: The whole body irradiation caused the damage of the health status of mice, the immune function was reduced, the degree of injury and the radiation intensity were in a dose-dependent manner. The half lethal dose of mice was 10Gy, which was suitable for the establishment of a systemic radiation injury model.