在中国古典诗歌中,描写“鹤”、“鹄”的作品不少,鸿、鹄就是天鹅。唐代杜甫描摹二鸟之诗颇有特色:首先,较其他禽鸟而言,“鹤”、“鹄”所占比重较大;其次,从“物微意不浅,感动一沉吟”(杜甫《病马》)这句诗来看,诗人被自然界的鸟兽深深感染,在它们身上寄寓了诸多感情,从而形诸笔端,发吟为诗。通过追寻、梳理“鹤”、“鹄”二鸟的踪迹,可以大致勾勒出杜甫一生的主要境遇。一、政治理想的幻灭杜甫早先的政治理想为“致群尧舜上,再使风俗淳”(《奉赠韦左丞丈二十二韵》),却落了个“青冥却垂翅”(同上)的结局,如同一只鸿鹄在空中折翅,重重地摔在地上。“即将西去秦,尚怜终南山”。(同上)离国退隐之念油然而生。清人仇兆 In classical Chinese poetry, there are many works depicting “Crane ” and “鹄 ”. Hong and 鹄 are swans. In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu portrayed quite a few poems of two birds: firstly, compared with other birds, the proportion of “crane” and “鹄” is larger; secondly, Reflections “(Du Fu” Sick Horse “) This poem point of view, the poet is deeply infected with nature’s birds and animals, in which they send a lot of feelings, so as to write, write Yin. By tracing and combing the traces of two birds, ”Crane“ and ”Dao“, the main situation of Du Fu’s life can be roughly outlined. First, the disillusionment of political ideals Du Fu’s earlier political ideal was ”the group Yao and Shun, and then the customs of Chun“ (”donated Wei Zuo Zhang Zhang twenty-second rhyme“), but fell ” (Ibid.) The outcome, like a hung grunts in the air Wings, heavy fell to the ground. “Coming to the west of Qin, still pity Nanshan ”. (Ibid.) Concept of retirement from home. Qing Zhao Qiu