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(一)相转移催化(Phase Transfer Catalysis)反应是有机化学一种新发展的有效实验方法。由于它具有反应条件温和、操作简便、节省时间、副反应少、产品纯、产率高等显著优点而被广泛应用。 相转移催化反应是在催化剂作用下,反应物由一相转入另一相中进行的有机化学反应。在非均相中(特别是水与有机溶剂的两相中)的有机化学反应,往往因为分别在两相中的反应物难以接触而反应慢,收率低。若在其中加入一些催化剂,例如季胺盐等,能使水中反应物以离子对方式进入有机相中,反应便迅速进行。(图1)这些催化剂称为相转移催化剂,这种反应称为相转移催化反应。
(A) Phase Transfer Catalysis Reaction is a new development of organic chemistry effective experimental method. Because of its mild reaction conditions, easy to operate, save time, fewer side effects, product purity, high yield and other significant advantages are widely used. Phase transfer catalytic reaction is the role of the catalyst, the reactants from one phase into the other phase of the organic chemical reactions. The organic chemical reactions in the heterogeneous phase (especially in the two phases of water and organic solvent) are often slow due to the difficulty of contacting the reactants in the two phases, resulting in low yields. If you add some catalyst, such as quaternary ammonium salt, etc., can make the water reactants into the organic phase ion mode, the reaction will be carried out rapidly. (Figure 1) These catalysts are called phase transfer catalysts. This reaction is called phase transfer catalysis.