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目的了解广东省不同人群吸烟水平现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展控烟工作提供依据。方法结合全省居民营养与健康状况调查,用面对面询问调查获得15岁以上居民吸烟情况资料共17489人进行描述性分析。结果15岁以上人群粗吸烟率为24·6%,男、女分别为52·7%,1·5%;标化率为20·7%,男、女分别为45·5%,1·1%,男性明显高于女性(P<0·05);城市、农村标化吸烟率分别为17·3%,23·8%,农村高于城市(P<0·05);人群标化现在吸烟率、标化常吸烟率、标化重型吸烟率分别为20·2%,19·3%,10·8%,男性均明显高于女性;平均开始吸烟年龄(中位数)为20·0岁;标化现在戒烟率为1·7%,复吸率为9·1%。年龄、地区、性别、文化程度、职业、婚烟状况是现在吸烟者的相关影响因素,OR值分别为1·07,0·01,1·42,0·89,1·14,1·75。结论广东省人群受到烟草危害相当严重,控烟形势非常严峻。政策保障、营造支持环境、普及烟草危害知识、加强戒烟技巧研究、针对目标人群重点干预是目前降低我省吸烟危害的主要措施。
Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of smoking among different population in Guangdong Province and provide evidence for further tobacco control work. Methods According to the survey of nutrition and health status of residents in the province, a total of 17489 residents aged 15 and over were surveyed by face-to-face questionnaires for descriptive analysis. Results The crude smoking rate was 24.6% in men over 15 years old, with 52.7% and 1.5% for men and women respectively. The standardization rate was 20.7% and the male and female were 45.5% (P <0.05). The standardized smoking rates in urban and rural areas were 17.3% and 23.8% respectively, higher in rural areas than in urban areas (P <0.05) The prevalence of smoking, normalized smoking rates and standardized heavy smoking rates were 20.2%, 19.3% and 10.8% respectively, significantly higher in males than in females; mean smoking age (median) was 20 · 0 years old; standardization now quit smoking rate was 1.7%, relapse rate was 9.1%. The age, sex, educational level, occupation and marital status of smokers are the related influencing factors of current smokers, and the OR values are respectively 1. 07,0.01, 1.42,0.89, 1.14, 1.75 . Conclusion The population of Guangdong Province is seriously harmed by tobacco and the situation of tobacco control is very serious. Policy support, creating a supportive environment, popularizing knowledge of tobacco hazards, strengthening research on smoking cessation techniques, and focusing on targeted population interventions are the main measures to reduce the harm of smoking in our province.