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近年来我国沿海三疣梭子蟹自然资源明显下降,为恢复现有资源,辽宁省自2012年开始,连续实施了4年大规模人工放流工作。在目前的增殖放流中,为检测参与繁殖的三疣梭子蟹亲本和即将放流的子代间的遗传差异以及亲本对其子代的繁殖贡献率水平,利用10对具有丰富遗传多态性的微卫星分子标记,分别对9只三疣梭子蟹雌性亲本和179只即将放流的子代进行了遗传多样性分析及亲子鉴定。结果发现,子代的平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度和平均多态性信息含量数值均低于参与繁殖的雌性亲本,亲本和放流子代之间在观测杂合度、多态性信息含量参数方面并无显著差异(P>0.05),但期望杂合度遗传参数存在显著差异(P<0.05),子代的遗传多样性较雌性亲本呈下降的趋势。使用4个微卫星分子标记时,累积排除率≥0.998,亲子鉴定的准确率为56.98%;微卫星分子标记为6个时,累积排除率≥0.9999,准确率达到97.21%;当使用8个微卫星分子标记鉴定时,准确率达100%。同时发现,9只雌性亲本对子代均有贡献,最高为29.61%,最低为3.35%,不同亲本之间的贡献率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。研究表明,微卫星可以作为有效的标记手段用于三疣梭子蟹增殖放流遗传评估中。上述试验结果将为我国三疣梭子蟹增殖放流的科学发展提供基础资料。
In recent years, the natural resources of Portunus trituberculatus in coastal areas of our country have obviously decreased. In order to restore the existing resources, since 2012, Liaoning Province has carried out large-scale artificial diversion work for four years since its establishment. In the present study, 10 pairs of microsatellite loci with abundant genetic polymorphisms were detected in order to detect the genetic differences between parents and imminent offspring of breeding Portunus tritubus and its progeny to their offspring. Molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and paternity of 9 female Portunus trituberculatus and 179 immortal offspring. The results showed that the average observed heterozygosity, average expected heterozygosity and average polymorphism information content of progenies were lower than that of the female parents involved in reproduction. The observed heterozygosity, the polymorphism information content parameter (P> 0.05), but the genetic parameters of expected heterozygosity were significantly different (P <0.05), and the genetic diversity of offspring tended to decrease compared with female parents. When using 4 microsatellite markers, the cumulative elimination rate was ≥0.998, the accuracy rate of paternity test was 56.98%, and when the number of microsatellite markers was six, the cumulative elimination rate was ≥0.9999, the accuracy rate was 97.21% Satellite molecular marker identification, the accuracy rate of 100%. At the same time, 9 female parents both contributed 29.61% of the offspring and the lowest was 3.35%. There was significant difference (P <0.05) in the contribution rate among different parents. Studies have shown that microsatellites can be used as an effective marker for Portunus trituberculatus proliferation and release of genetic evaluation. The above test results will provide the basic information for the scientific development of the excretion of Portunus trituberculatus in China.