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目的分析新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的特点和危险因素,探讨降低VAP发病率的预防措施。方法采用回顾性调查手段,分析引起新生儿VAP的危险因素。结果新生儿VAP发病率为36.46%,新生儿VAP与胎龄、出生体质量、多次插管、机械通气时间和肺泡表面活性物质使用等有明显关系;主要病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌。结论早产儿、低出生体质量儿、多次插管、机械通气时间是新生儿VAP的危险因素,而肺泡表面活性物质使用是新生儿VAP的保护因素。采用对应措施和使用肺泡表面活性物质可以降低新生儿VAP发生率。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to explore the preventive measures to reduce the incidence of VAP. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the risk factors of neonatal VAP. Results The incidence of VAP in neonates was 36.46%. There was a significant relationship between neonatal VAP and gestational age, birth weight, multiple intubation, mechanical ventilation time and the use of alveolar surfactant. The main pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli. Conclusions Preterm infants, low birth weight children, multiple intubation and mechanical ventilation time are the risk factors of neonatal VAP. The use of alveolar surfactant is the protective factor of neonatal VAP. Corresponding measures and the use of alveolar surfactant can reduce neonatal VAP incidence.