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明清时期,随着商品经济的发展,涌现出一批地域性商人,江右商即其中之一。尽管在江西商人中,既没有出现象徽商那样拥资数百、上千万,与王侯埒的富商巨贾,也没有形成象山西商人那样网络全国的垄断性行业;既不象闽粤商人那样有手握千金的舶来品奉为奇货,也不象两浙商人那样成为中国近代资本的源头。但是,江右商却以人数之众、操业之广、渗透力之强为世人所瞩目,对当时社会经济产生了不可低估的影响。因此,对江右商的研究,无疑将有助于更全面地了解明清时期社会经济尤其是商品经济和商业资本状况,探讨明清时期封建经济特别是江西自然经济结构的特点和发展趋势。本文即拟从江右商活动的大致状况、江右商的社会构成与资本来源、经营方式及特点等方而作一尝试性的考察,并希望对今天的商业活动提供一些历史信息。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of commodity economy, a number of regional businessmen emerged and Jiang You Shang was one of them. Although there was no such merchant in Jiangxi as Huizhou merchants who owned hundreds, tens of millions and wealthy merchants, nor did they form monopolistic industries with the same network as Shanxi merchants; In that case, the exotic goods that hold the daughter money are regarded as extraordinary goods, nor are they the source of modern Chinese capital as the two Zhejiang merchants did. However, Jiang You-you, however, has attracted the attention of the world with a large number of people, extensive operation and strong penetration, which has had an inestimable impact on the social economy at that time. Therefore, the study on Jiang You Shang will undoubtedly contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the social economy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the commodity economy and commercial capital, and discuss the characteristics and development trend of the feudal economy in Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the natural economic structure of Jiangxi. This article intends to make a tentative investigation from the general situation of Jiang You Shang Merchants, the social composition and capital sources of Jiang You Merchants, management methods and characteristics, and hopes to provide some historical information for today’s commercial activities.