论文部分内容阅读
利用小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21的RAPD标记（OPH17（1400））、SCAR标记（SCAR（1400）和SCAR（1265））和荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对小麦抗病育种材料中的抗白粉病Pm21基因进行了分子鉴定和标记辅助选择。利用随机引物OPH17进行RAPD分析结果表明，在3～5次重复共372次RAPD扩增中，有28次（7．53％）未获得扩增产物，有21次（5．64％）扩增结果难以判断目标片段OPH17（1400）的有无，说明RAPD标记检测结果的可靠性和重现性较差，在育种中应用有一定局限性。而在利用SCAR标记共488次PCR扩增中，均可以扩增出与Pm21基因连锁的多态性SCAR（1400）或SCAR（1265）目标片段，说明SCAR标记是稳定、准确、可靠的DNA分子标记，可应用于育种群体中Pm21基因的分子鉴定和标记辅助选择。利用RAPD和SCAR标记对具有不同遗传背景的“滚动式加代回交转育”抗白粉病育种群体中抗病基因Pm21分子标记检测结果表明，DNA分子标记与植株的白粉病抗性表现一致，并在此基础上进行了标记辅助的向农艺亲本的回交转育。荧光原位杂交结果表明，经多代回文改良，未发现簇毛麦6VS染色体臂与普通小麦染色体的重组。
Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene powdery mildew resistant (Pm21) was identified by RAPD markers (OPH17 (1400), SCAR (1400) and SCAR (1265)) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Pm21 gene was molecularly identified and marker-assisted selection. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using random primers OPH17 showed that 28 (7.53%) of 372 RAPD repeats of 3 to 5 repeats did not result in amplification and 21 (5.64%) amplifications As a result, it is difficult to judge the presence or absence of the target fragment OPH17 (1400), indicating that the test results of the RAPD marker are poor in reliability and reproducibility and have some limitations in breeding. However, SCAR (1400) or SCAR (1265) fragments linked to Pm21 gene could be amplified in 488 PCR amplifications using SCAR markers, indicating that the SCAR marker is a stable, accurate and reliable DNA molecule Markers, which can be applied to the molecular identification and marker-assisted selection of Pm21 gene in breeding population. The results of RAPD and SCAR markers on the Pm21 molecular marker of resistance gene Pm21 in “Scroll Plus Backcultivation” anti-powdery mildew breeding population with different genetic backgrounds showed that the DNA molecular markers were consistent with the resistance of the plants to powdery mildew , And on this basis, the marker-assisted backcrossing to agronomic parents was carried out. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that after many generations of palindromic improvement, there was no recombination of 6VS chromosome arms and common wheat chromosomes.