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目的 了解深圳市0-7岁儿童听力、言语障碍流行现状,探索流行因素。方法 依据《中国残疾人实用评定标准》对户籍在深圳市的全部77,727名儿童采用三阶段筛查程序进行调查,采用病例对照研究进行流行因素分析。结果 听力障碍现患率为1.11‰,言语障碍现患率为1.88‰,假阴性为1.55‰,以此推算的官语障碍实际现患率为3.43‰,随年龄增大,听力、言语障碍现患率增高,可疑致病因素中以低出生体重、出生异常及婴幼儿期曾患病的影响最大。结论 深圳市听力障碍现患率低于1987年全国抽样调查相同年龄段水平,言语障碍现患率高于1987年全国调查水平,其原因有待进一步研究。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hearing and speech disorders in children aged 0-7 years in Shenzhen and to explore the epidemiological factors. Methods A total of 77,727 children with permanent residence registration in Shenzhen were investigated by a three-stage screening procedure based on the “Practical Assessment Criteria for the Handicapped in China”. Case-control studies were conducted to analyze the prevalence factors. Results The prevalence rate of hearing impairment was 1.11 ‰, prevalence rate of speech impairment was 1.88 ‰ and false-negative rate was 1.55 ‰. The actual prevalence rate of official language disorder was 3.43 ‰. With increasing age, the prevalence rate of hearing and speech impairment increased, Suspected pathogenic factors in low birth weight, abnormal birth and infancy had the greatest impact on illness. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hearing impairment in Shenzhen is lower than that of the same age group in 1987 national sample survey. The prevalence rate of speech impairment is higher than the national survey level in 1987, which needs further study.