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MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类普遍存在于长约 22 nt 的非编码小分子 RNA，它通过与靶基因 mRNA特定位点的结合，实现靶基因在转录时的剪切降解，或下调靶基因在转录后的翻译水平。miRNA 在细胞分化、细胞增殖、细胞调亡和新陈代谢等生命活动中发挥重要调控功能，是当前生物学研究领域的一大热点。仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)具有很高的营养价值和医药价值，是我国重要的水产养殖经济品种之一。目前，对仿刺参 miRNA 的研究取得了一些进展，本研究就 miRNA 的研究方法与技术，miRNA 参与仿刺参的生长、夏眠、免疫和疾病等过程的研究进展进行综述，并对其 miRNA 研究前景进行展望，以期为今后开展相关研究提供参考。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous, non-coding small RNAs of about 22 nt in length that interact with specific sites on the target mRNA to effect shear-induced degradation of the target gene during transcription or down-regulate the transcription of the target gene After the translation level. MiRNAs play an important regulatory function in the life activities such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism, which are one of the hot topics in the field of biological research. Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional value and medicinal value, and is one of the important aquaculture economic species in our country. At present, some progresses have been made in the research on miRNAs of A. solani. In this study, we reviewed the research methods and techniques of miRNAs, the progress of miRNAs involved in the growth of A. japonicus, hypnosis, immunity and disease, Prospects for the future, with a view to provide reference for future research.