1922年人们发现用三氯甲烷可把盐酸溶液中的马钱子碱萃取出来。是因为马钱子碱在盐酸溶液里生成的中性离子对,具有疏水的特性,能溶于三氯甲烷。之后它逐渐发展成为一种新的分离技术,就是离子对萃取。至七十年代中期,这项分离技术被引用到色谱分析方面,即在固定相上涂渍对离子,或直接将对离子加入流动相内,使与被分析的物质生成离子对,然后用分配色谱的方法进行分离。例如 Wittmer 等就用逆相分配型化学键固定相以及含对离子的流动相分离染料并取得了较好的效果。分配色谱是根据样品在固定相和流动相之间分配系数的不同而进行分离的,所以,它适于分离非解离性物质或解离性很弱的物质,而对强电介质和弱电介质的混合物或电介质和非电介质的混合物进行分离则存在一 In 1922, it was found that chloroform was used to extract the brucine in hydrochloric acid solution. Because of brucine in hydrochloric acid solution generated neutral ion pairs, with hydrophobic properties, can be dissolved in chloroform. After it gradually developed into a new separation technology, that is, ion-pair extraction. By the mid-1970s, this separation technique was applied to chromatographic analysis by coating the counter-ions on the stationary phase or by directly adding the counter-ions to the mobile phase to generate an ion pair with the substance to be analyzed, Chromatography method for separation. Wittmer et al., For example, used reverse phase partitioning type chemical bonded stationary phases and separation of dyes with ion-containing mobile phases and achieved good results. Partition chromatography is based on the sample partition coefficient between the stationary phase and the mobile phase separation, it is suitable for separation of non-dissociation substances or substances with weak dissociation, and strong dielectric and weak dielectric Mixtures or mixtures of dielectrics and non-dielectrics exist for separation