论文部分内容阅读
1. 她宁愿呆在家读本好书也不愿意去看一部索然无味的电影。
【误】 She would rather stay at home to read a good book than to go to see a boring film.
【正】 She would rather stay at home to read a good book than go to see a boring film.
【析】 “would rather ...”或“would ... rather than ...”意为“宁愿……而不愿”或“与其……不如……”，用以构成“would rather + do + than + do”结构。例如：
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里也不愿乘公共汽车。
若would rather ... than ... /would ... rather than ... 连接的动词不定式是同一个动词，那么than后面的动词可以省略。又如：
I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
2. 他经常起得早，而不是起得晚。
【误】 He would usually gets up early rather than late.
【正】 He usually gets up early rather than late.
【析】 would后面应跟动词原形。 rather than不与would连用时，意思相当于instead of，其后可以跟名词､代词､形容词､介词(短语)､动名词､动词不定式等。例如：
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师还不如说他是作家。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打算打电话。
3. 这么小的狗只能吃这么少的东西。
【误】 So little dogs can only eat such little food.
【正】 Such little dogs can only eat so little food.
【析】 so为副词，一般用来修饰形容词；such为形容词，多用来修饰名词。名词前有many，much，little，few时，其前可用so many，so much，so little，so little，so few等修饰语。如果little意为“小的”则可用such little修饰名词，表示“如此小的……”，而不用so little。 little意为“少的”时，用so little修饰名词，表示“如此少”，而不用such little。
4. 那个男孩买的书是两本中较便宜的那本。
【误】 Of the two books，the boy bought less expensive one.
【正】 Of the two books，the boy bought the less expensive one.
【析】 形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词the，但比较的双方中只出现了一方(没有than及后面的部分)，强调两个中“较……的一个”，且句中含有“of the two”时，比较级前面必须加the。
5. 我希望你能给我们提供一些有关假期旅行的信息。
【误】 I hope you can offer us with some information about the vacations.
【正】 I hope you can provide us with some information about the vacations.
【析】 offer和provide都是动词，都可以表示“向某人提供某物”，但用法不同。 offer后面可以接直接宾语和间接宾语，构成offer something to somebody或offer somebody something结构。例如：
He offered me a glass of wine. /He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。
provide后面只能接一个宾语，表示“向某人提供某物”时，需要用provide somebody with something或provide something for somebody。 例如：
He provided me with a car. /He provided a car for me. 他给我提供了一辆汽车。
6. 有人听见她在房间里唱歌。
【误】 The song was heard sing in her room.
【正】 The song was heard to sing in her room.
【正】 Someone heard her sing the song in her room.
【析】 在英语中，see，hear，watch等感官动词以及make，let，have等使役动词后面跟省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时，其后作主语补足语的动词不定式不能省略to。 例如：
He was made to change his mind. 终于使他改变了主意。
7. 王老师不喜欢跳舞。
【误】 Miss Wang dislikes dangcing，does she?
【正】 Miss Wang dislikes dangcing，doesn’t she?
【析】 陈述部分的谓语动词中有含否定意义的前缀或后缀时，其后的简短问句仍为否定形式。
8. 假如我是你的话，我就不会要那些钱。
【误】 If I was you，I would refuse the money.
【正】 If I were you，I would refuse the money.
【析】 依照虚拟语气的惯用法，if从句中的“I were you”不可改为I was you。 实义动词只能用过去时，be的过去时只能用were，主句的谓语用“would/should + 动词原形”结构。
9. 他们的钱用完了。
【误】 They have run out money.
【正】 They have run out of money.
【析】 run out of为“用尽､缺乏”，含主动意义，其主语一般为人。 run out意为“(某物)用完”，主语一般是时间､食物､金钱等名词。例如：
We have run out of room to store the bags. 我们已经没地方存放这些袋子了。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
10. 看起来他没有很多朋友。
【误】 He doesn’t seem have many friends.
【正】 He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
【析】 seem意为“似乎､好像”，后面不能直接接动词原形，可接带to的动词不定式或形容词､名词或过去分词等。例如：
Mary seems to know everything. 玛丽似乎什么都知道。 (seem后面接动词不定式)
Everything seems (to be) easy. 一切似乎很容易。 (seem后面接形容词)
He seemed (to be) an honest man. 他看上去像是个老实人。 (seem后面接名词)
Our teacher seemed stopped by the question. 我们的老师似乎是被那个问题难住了。 (seem后面接过去分词)
11. 这些花需要浇水。
【误】 These flowers need to water.
【正】 These flowers need watering.
【正】 These flowers need to be watered.
【析】 need作实义动词用时，通常构成“sb + need + to do sth”结构，意为“某人需要做某事”，还可构成“sth + need + doing”结构，意思上相当于“sth + need + to be done”。又如：
They need to mend these machines. 他们需要修理这些机器。
These machines need mending. /These machines need to be mended. 这些机器需要修理。
12. 我们认为十二岁的孩子不应该穿耳朵眼。
【误】 We don’t think tweleve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierce.
【正】 We don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
【析】 get something done意为“请人做某事”，其中的过去分词作宾语补足语用，意思上与“have something done”相近。例如：
I’ll get my hair cut today. 今天我要去理发。(让别人为自己理发)
She got her TV set repaired yesterday. 昨天她修了电视机。(她请人修的电视机)
【误】 She would rather stay at home to read a good book than to go to see a boring film.
【正】 She would rather stay at home to read a good book than go to see a boring film.
【析】 “would rather ...”或“would ... rather than ...”意为“宁愿……而不愿”或“与其……不如……”，用以构成“would rather + do + than + do”结构。例如：
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里也不愿乘公共汽车。
若would rather ... than ... /would ... rather than ... 连接的动词不定式是同一个动词，那么than后面的动词可以省略。又如：
I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
2. 他经常起得早，而不是起得晚。
【误】 He would usually gets up early rather than late.
【正】 He usually gets up early rather than late.
【析】 would后面应跟动词原形。 rather than不与would连用时，意思相当于instead of，其后可以跟名词､代词､形容词､介词(短语)､动名词､动词不定式等。例如：
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师还不如说他是作家。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打算打电话。
3. 这么小的狗只能吃这么少的东西。
【误】 So little dogs can only eat such little food.
【正】 Such little dogs can only eat so little food.
【析】 so为副词，一般用来修饰形容词；such为形容词，多用来修饰名词。名词前有many，much，little，few时，其前可用so many，so much，so little，so little，so few等修饰语。如果little意为“小的”则可用such little修饰名词，表示“如此小的……”，而不用so little。 little意为“少的”时，用so little修饰名词，表示“如此少”，而不用such little。
4. 那个男孩买的书是两本中较便宜的那本。
【误】 Of the two books，the boy bought less expensive one.
【正】 Of the two books，the boy bought the less expensive one.
【析】 形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词the，但比较的双方中只出现了一方(没有than及后面的部分)，强调两个中“较……的一个”，且句中含有“of the two”时，比较级前面必须加the。
5. 我希望你能给我们提供一些有关假期旅行的信息。
【误】 I hope you can offer us with some information about the vacations.
【正】 I hope you can provide us with some information about the vacations.
【析】 offer和provide都是动词，都可以表示“向某人提供某物”，但用法不同。 offer后面可以接直接宾语和间接宾语，构成offer something to somebody或offer somebody something结构。例如：
He offered me a glass of wine. /He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。
provide后面只能接一个宾语，表示“向某人提供某物”时，需要用provide somebody with something或provide something for somebody。 例如：
He provided me with a car. /He provided a car for me. 他给我提供了一辆汽车。
6. 有人听见她在房间里唱歌。
【误】 The song was heard sing in her room.
【正】 The song was heard to sing in her room.
【正】 Someone heard her sing the song in her room.
【析】 在英语中，see，hear，watch等感官动词以及make，let，have等使役动词后面跟省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时，其后作主语补足语的动词不定式不能省略to。 例如：
He was made to change his mind. 终于使他改变了主意。
7. 王老师不喜欢跳舞。
【误】 Miss Wang dislikes dangcing，does she?
【正】 Miss Wang dislikes dangcing，doesn’t she?
【析】 陈述部分的谓语动词中有含否定意义的前缀或后缀时，其后的简短问句仍为否定形式。
8. 假如我是你的话，我就不会要那些钱。
【误】 If I was you，I would refuse the money.
【正】 If I were you，I would refuse the money.
【析】 依照虚拟语气的惯用法，if从句中的“I were you”不可改为I was you。 实义动词只能用过去时，be的过去时只能用were，主句的谓语用“would/should + 动词原形”结构。
9. 他们的钱用完了。
【误】 They have run out money.
【正】 They have run out of money.
【析】 run out of为“用尽､缺乏”，含主动意义，其主语一般为人。 run out意为“(某物)用完”，主语一般是时间､食物､金钱等名词。例如：
We have run out of room to store the bags. 我们已经没地方存放这些袋子了。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
10. 看起来他没有很多朋友。
【误】 He doesn’t seem have many friends.
【正】 He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
【析】 seem意为“似乎､好像”，后面不能直接接动词原形，可接带to的动词不定式或形容词､名词或过去分词等。例如：
Mary seems to know everything. 玛丽似乎什么都知道。 (seem后面接动词不定式)
Everything seems (to be) easy. 一切似乎很容易。 (seem后面接形容词)
He seemed (to be) an honest man. 他看上去像是个老实人。 (seem后面接名词)
Our teacher seemed stopped by the question. 我们的老师似乎是被那个问题难住了。 (seem后面接过去分词)
11. 这些花需要浇水。
【误】 These flowers need to water.
【正】 These flowers need watering.
【正】 These flowers need to be watered.
【析】 need作实义动词用时，通常构成“sb + need + to do sth”结构，意为“某人需要做某事”，还可构成“sth + need + doing”结构，意思上相当于“sth + need + to be done”。又如：
They need to mend these machines. 他们需要修理这些机器。
These machines need mending. /These machines need to be mended. 这些机器需要修理。
12. 我们认为十二岁的孩子不应该穿耳朵眼。
【误】 We don’t think tweleve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierce.
【正】 We don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
【析】 get something done意为“请人做某事”，其中的过去分词作宾语补足语用，意思上与“have something done”相近。例如：
I’ll get my hair cut today. 今天我要去理发。(让别人为自己理发)
She got her TV set repaired yesterday. 昨天她修了电视机。(她请人修的电视机)