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三权分立是西方最重要的宪政原则之一,是西方民主理论的主要元素,在法国主要体现为立法、行政、司法权力的分离。为了弥补不足,法国设计出在行政系统内部设立行政法院对行政进行监督,并适当地运用了“遵循先例”原则,从而保障行政的合法性。另一方面,通过设置宪法委员会对立法进行制约,使立法要在宪法的总体规定下,不能随心所欲。
The separation of powers is one of the most important constitutional principles in the West. It is the main element of Western democratic theory. In France, it is mainly manifested in the separation of legislative, administrative and judicial powers. In order to make up for the deficiencies, France designed to set up an administrative court within the administrative system to supervise the administration and properly applied the principle of “following the precedents” so as to safeguard the legitimacy of administration. On the other hand, by setting a constitutional commission to restrict the legislation, the legislation should not be arbitrary at the general provisions of the constitution.