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本文通过优势和配合力的分析研究小麦亲本选配问题。试验表明:杂种第一代的一株粒重、一穗粒重、千粒重的优势最大,一般比两亲平均值大20—30%;其次为株高和抽穗期:其他穗部性状的优势很小或无显性。应用遗传变量成分分析法估算八个性状的配合力,在供试的亲本中,以穗长和结实小穗数的一般配合力为最大;株高、一穗粒数和一穗粒重次之;千粒重与一株穗数,一般配合力和特殊配合力所占的比重互有高低,因组合类型而异;一株粒重的一般配合力最小,它的特殊配合力占居主导地位。一般配合力大的性状,杂种与两亲平均值的相关或迴归系数也大。初步认为,在第一代对亲本或组合的评价,既要看杂种的实际表现,还要考虑它的优势,而以前者为主要依据;两亲平均值也有相当重要的意义。
In this paper, the analysis of the advantages and combining ability of wheat parental matching problem. The results showed that the first generation of hybrids had the highest grain weight per plant, the highest grain weight per plant and the highest grain weight per plant, and was generally 20-30% larger than the average of the parents. The second was the plant height and heading stage. Small or insignificant. The combining ability of eight traits was estimated by using the method of genetic variation and component analysis. Among the tested parents, the maximum combining ability of spikelet length and number of spikelets was the highest; ; The proportion of 1000-grain weight and one panicle spike, general combining ability and special combining ability are different from each other depending on the type of combination; the general combining ability of a grain weight is the smallest, and its special combining ability occupies the dominant position. Generally with the large traits, hybrids and amputated average correlation coefficient or regression coefficient is also large. It is initially believed that the evaluation of the parents or combinations in the first generation depends not only on the actual performance of the hybrids, but also on the advantages of the hybrids, with the former as the main basis. The average of the two parents also has significant meanings.