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由于当前传统灭杀带来的一系列问题,鼠害不育控制逐渐受到重视。自张知彬等2004年率先报道左炔诺孕酮和炔雌醚复合物(EP-1)对野生鼠类不育效果的研究以来,国内多个研究团队对EP-1及其组分的不育效果、剂量、饵料制作、环境安全性、行为与分子机理等方面开展了大量的验证和完善研究,取得了许多重要的进展。这些结果进一步说明EP-1及组分对鼠类具有很好的不育效果,并具有两性不育、高效低量、可持续、相对环保与安全、野外投放方便、经济可行等特点。EP-1或炔雌醚毒饵的不育剂量约为10-50μg/m L(0.001%-0.005%),甚至更低;其组分在土壤和水体的半衰期约为5-16 d和小于3 d。在鼠类繁殖的早期,采取野外一次饱和投放即可有效降低全年鼠类的繁殖,效果可延续至第二年。可见,EP-1及其组分有望成为鼠害控制的一个新手段。建议今后进一步加强野外不育与跨年持续效应的验证、环境安全性评价和行为生态学机制等研究工作。
Due to a series of problems caused by the current traditional killing, the control of rodent infestation is gradually receiving attention. Since Zhang Zhibin et al. (2004) first reported on the effect of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol complex (EP-1) on the sterility of wild mice, several research groups in China have reported that infertility of EP-1 and its components Effects, dosages, bait production, environmental safety, behavior and molecular mechanisms have been carried out a large number of validation and improvement of research, and made many important advances. These results further illustrate that EP-1 and its components have good sterility effects on rodents and have the characteristics of male sterility, high efficiency and low volume, sustainability, relative environmental protection and safety, convenient field deployment and economic feasibility. The infertility dose of EP-1 or propargyl bait is about 10-50 μg / mL (0.001% -0.005%) or even lower; the half-lives of its components in soil and water are about 5-16 days and less than 3 d. In the early stages of rodent breeding, taking a wild outdoor delivery can effectively reduce the annual breeding of rodents, the effect can be extended to the second year. Visible, EP-1 and its components are expected to become a new means of rodent control. It is suggested to further strengthen the research work on field sterility verification and the effect of cross-year persistence, environmental safety assessment and behavioral ecology.