目的　了解河南及上海地区人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)感染者 p2 4蛋白编码区的基因变异性以及亚型的分布状况。方法　收集 37份HIV 1感染患者的血浆标本 ,河南 2 5份 ,感染途径主要是有偿供血 ;上海 12份 ,主要是血制品感染及性接触感染。采用逆转录和套式聚合酶链反应 (PCR)扩增并直接测序 ,然后进行序列比对及进化树分析。结果　 83.8% (31/ 37)为B亚型 ,河南患者中 2 3例为B亚型 ,2例为A亚型 ;上海患者中 8例为B亚型 ,1例为A亚型 ,2例为CRF0 1-AE亚型 ,1例为CRF0 2 -AG亚型。与国际共享序列相比 ,B亚型 p2 4编码区中发生核苷酸改变的位点比例河南为1.6 %～ 4 .2 % ,平均 3.2 % ;上海为 2 .0 %～ 3.8% ,平均 3.4 %。在所有变异位点中均未发现连续G >A的高度突变。两组B亚型内平均基因离散率分别为 3.7%和 3.5 % ,B亚型与其他亚型之间的基因离散率则为 11.1%～ 12 .5 %。河南及上海地区B亚型共享序列与国际共享序列进行比对 ,氨基酸变异的比例均为 2 .2 % (5 / 2 31) ,其中有 3个变异位点相同 ,分别为A14P、I91V及E180D ,而这两个共享序列之间的差异仅为 0 .9% (2 / 2 31)。进化树分析亦表明所有样本中大多为B亚型 ,且与源自泰国的B’亚型相距较近。结论　河南及上海地区的B亚型之间有较高的同源性 ,p2 4? Objective To investigate the genetic variability of the p2 4 protein coding region of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Henan and Shanghai and its subtypes distribution. Methods Thirty-seven HIV-1-infected plasma samples were collected from 25 Henan patients. The main routes of infection were compensated blood supply. In Shanghai, 12 were mainly blood products and sexually transmitted infections. Reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing were performed, followed by sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis. Results 83.8% (31/37) were subtype B, 23 cases were subtype B in Henan, 2 subtypes were A subtype, 8 cases were subtype B in Shanghai, 1 subtype was A, and 2 cases were subtypes CRF0 1-AE subtype and 1 case CRF0 2 -AG subtype. Compared with the international shared sequences, the proportion of nucleotide changes in the coding region of subtype B subtype B in Henan was 1.6% -4.2%, an average of 3.2%; Shanghai was 2.0% -3.8%, with an average of 3.4 %. No mutation at any G> A height mutation was found in all the variation sites. The mean gene dispersal rate was 3.7% and 3.5% in the two subtypes, respectively. The genetic divergence between subtype B and subtype B was 11.1% ~ 12.5%. The shared sequences of B subtypes in Henan and Shanghai were compared with those of international shared sequences. The percentage of amino acid variation was 2.2% (5/2 31), of which 3 were the same, which were A14P, I91V and E180D , While the difference between the two shared sequences is only 0.9% (2/2 31). Phylogenetic tree analysis also showed that most of the samples were subtype B and were located closer to the B ’subtype from Thailand. Conclusion There is a high homology between subtypes B in Henan and Shanghai, p2 4?