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保罗传给外邦人的福音被称为“不受律法辖制的福音”(law-free gospel)。自宗教改革始,学者对保罗福音的理解便集中于“因信称义”的含义,而忽略了它在社会、民族和文化方面对外邦人的引申意义。作为保罗研究的新发展,“保罗新观”指出,保罗提出的“因信称义”并非如路德所理解的,在于抨击以善行去赚取上帝的赦罪之恩。保罗否定因律法之工而称义,是要指出“律法中一些特殊的规条如割礼和食物条例,被普遍认定为犹太人身份的特点”。保罗传给外邦人的福音,是外邦人无须遵行割礼、食物规条及守安息日等犹太律法的要求,这些都是犹太人身份和界限的标志。犹太人与外邦人同样因信而被称义,并因此成为上帝的子民。本文根据《罗马书》14:1-15:13提供的论点,结合中国信徒祭祖的争议,提出“保罗新观”可以对基督教来华宣教具有重要的引申意义。
The gospel Paul gave to the Gentiles is called “law-free gospel.” Since the Reformation, the scholars’ understanding of Paul’s Gospel has focused on the meaning of “justification by faith”, while ignoring its extended meanings to the Gentiles in the social, ethnic and cultural aspects. As a new development of Paul’s study, Paul New View points out that Paul’s “justification by faith” is not, as Luther has understood, criticizing the grace of earnest forgiveness of God by good deeds. Paul denied that he was justified by the law, pointing out that “some special rules in the law, such as circumcision and food ordinances, are generally recognized as characteristics of Jewish identity.” The gospel Paul gave to the Gentiles was the non-compliance of the Gentiles with the requirements of Jewish law, such as circumcision, food rules, and observance of the Sabbath, all of which symbolized Jewish identity and boundaries. Jews and Gentiles are also justified by faith and thus become God’s people. Based on the arguments provided in Romans 14: 1-15: 13 and in connection with the dispute among believers and ancestors in China, this paper proposes that “Paul’s new view” can have an important extension of Christianity’s mission to China.