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我国民航业经历了一个由政府严格管制到逐步下放企业经营自主权,实现政企分开的放松管制的过程。随着市场经济的发展,民航运输生产的资源配置和生产要素的有效组合,是在国家宏观调控下,通过价格机制的作用来实现的。民航运价的改革成为社会各界关注的热点问题,是民航市场化进程的重要方面。本文从产业经济学角度和国外的实践出发,分析了我国民航价格管制(主要指客运)的具体情况,分析垄断市场的结果及对改革目标实现的影响,从而提出保证价格管制有效性的政策取向。
China’s civil aviation industry has undergone a process of strict control by the government to the gradual decentralization of business autonomy and the separation of government from enterprise. With the development of market economy, the effective combination of resource allocation and production factors of civil aviation transportation production is realized through the role of price mechanism under the macro-control of the state. The reform of the tariff of civil aviation has become a hot issue of concern to all sectors of society and is an important aspect of the marketization of civil aviation. Based on the industrial economics and foreign practices, this paper analyzes the specific conditions of China’s civil aviation price control (mainly referring to passenger transport), analyzes the results of the monopoly market and its impact on the realization of the reform objectives, and proposes the policy orientation of ensuring the effectiveness of price control .