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一、施肥技术改进后提出的新课题 五十年代末,福建省劳动模范潘毛毛总结出“早施重施分蘖肥,看苗补施壮尾肥”的水稻施肥经验,六十年代,随着矮杆品种的推广,上述施肥法与中期排水烤田相结合,发展成“攻头、控中、保尾”的施肥管水法,对水稻生产起了应有的历史作用。 “攻头、控中、保尾”施肥法其主要特点是将大部分肥料用于前期促进分蘖生长,中期抑制氮素营养,孕稻前后适当施粒肥保尾。因而类似日本松岛省三提出的V字型施肥法(以下就简称“攻头、控中、保尾”施肥法为V字型施肥法)。 根据土壤与水稻的氮素供求动态研究结果,不论高产田或普通稻田,分蘖期以后土壤氮的供应强度逐渐下降,直至抽穗以后有所回升;而水稻吸氮量却从分蘖期起逐渐上升(图1)。土壤供氮与水稻吸氮处于不协调状态,显然,中期中断氮素的营养供应,不符合水稻生育的需要。
First, the fertilization technology to improve the proposed new topics The late fifties, Fujian Province, Mao Zhaomao model worker summed up the “early application of heavy tillering fertilizer, fertilizer supplements Zhuangwei fat” rice fertilization experience, the sixties, with the The promotion of dwarf bar varieties, the above fertilization method combined with medium-term drainage bake fields, developed into a “tap, control, insurance tail” fertilizer pipe water law, played a due historic role in rice production. “Tau, control, insurance tail” fertilization method its main feature is the most of the fertilizer used to promote early tillering growth, medium-term inhibition of nitrogen nutrition, pre-grange fertilizer before and after grain tail. Thus similar to Japan’s Song Island III proposed V-shaped fertilizer method (hereinafter referred to as “tapping, control, tail” fertilization method for the V-shaped fertilizer method). According to the dynamics of nitrogen supply and demand in soil and rice, the nitrogen supply intensity of soil nitrogen decreased gradually after tillering stage in both high-yield and ordinary rice fields until tillering, but the nitrogen uptake increased gradually from tillering stage figure 1). Soil nitrogen supply and rice nitrogen absorption are in an uncoordinated state, apparently, medium-term interruption of nitrogen nutrient supply does not meet the needs of rice growth.