一、问题的提出设计任何建筑物都必须留有一定的安全度。对于拦河坝这一类重要而且长期承受高压或高速水流作用的水工建筑物,安全度的要求当然更为严格。特别是最近几十年来,坝的高度、工程规模、工程投资、及失事后果的严重性都日益增加,这个问题就更值得注意研究。但 First, the proposed design of the problem Any building must have a certain degree of safety. Of course, for hydraulic structures such as barrages, which are important and long-term subjected to high-pressure or high-speed currents, the safety requirements are certainly stricter. Especially in recent decades, dam height, project scale, project investment and the seriousness of the consequences of incidents have been increasing. This issue deserves more attention. but