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目的分析汕头市濠江区疟疾流行影响因素,为调整疟疾防控措施提供依据。方法对1984—2014年汕头市濠江区疟疾监测资料和疫情资料进行分析,并对辖区内居民、学生疟防知识知晓率、媒介蚊虫及其他相关因素进行调查。结果 1984—2014年,全区血检数11 582人,阳性75例,阳性率0.65%。所有阳性标本都是间日疟,其中该地血检人数9 876人,阳性43例,阳性率0.44%;流动人口血检1 706人,阳性32例,阳性率1.88%。该地人口与流动人口血检阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在1984—2014年31年间,只有在1993—1996年查出该地感染病例,其他年份出现的病例均为输入性病例。2014年对辖区内居民和学生疟防知识知晓率进行调查,居民疟防知识知晓率平均为69.46%,学生平均为71.43%;2014年媒介蚊虫监测中,2个监测点均抓到按蚊。结论汕头市濠江区疟疾发病率处于相对较低水平。流动人口疟疾阳性检出率偏高,输入性疟疾病例为现阶段病例主要来源。加强流动人口疟疾监测及管理,提高广大民众疟疾防控知识知晓率是巩固疟防成果的关键。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of malaria epidemics in Haojiang District of Shantou City and provide the basis for the adjustment of malaria prevention and control measures. Methods The data of malaria surveillance and epidemic situation in Haojiang District of Shantou City from 1984 to 2014 were analyzed. The awareness of malaria prevention knowledge among residents and students, media mosquito and other related factors were investigated. Results From 1984 to 2014, there were 11 582 blood tests in the district, 75 cases were positive, the positive rate was 0.65%. All positive samples were Plasmodium vivax, including 9 876 blood tests and 43 positive tests, with a positive rate of 0.44%. A total of 1 706 blood tests were performed in floating population, with a positive rate of 1.88%. There was a significant difference in the blood test positive rate between the population and the floating population (P <0.01). During the 31-year period from 1984 to 2014, cases of infection were detected only in 1993-1996, and in other years cases were imported. In 2014, the awareness rates of malaria prevention among residents and students in the area were investigated. The awareness rate of malaria prevention knowledge among residents was 69.46% on average, and 71.43% of the students were average. In 2014, mosquito surveillance was carried out in two monitoring sites. Conclusion The incidence of malaria in Haojiang District of Shantou City is at a relatively low level. The positive rate of malaria in floating population is high, and the imported malaria cases are the main source of the current cases. Strengthening the monitoring and management of malaria in floating population and raising awareness of malaria prevention and control among the general public are the keys to consolidating the results of malaria prevention.