自 8 0年代初以来 ,围绕搞活国有商业企业出台了很多改革措施 ,如承包制、租赁制、资产经营责任制、股份制、股份合作制等等 ,由于行业的特点和其在国民经济中所处的风口浪尖的特殊地位 ,国有商业企业所经历的改革实验远较工业企业为多 ,因而为挫折付出的成本也比较大。但时至 Since the early 1980s, many reform measures have been introduced around invigorating the state-owned commercial enterprises, such as the contract system, the lease system, the asset management responsibility system, the shareholding system, the stock cooperative system, etc. Due to the characteristics of the industry and its place in the national economy . The reform experiment experienced by state-owned commercial enterprises is far more than that of industrial enterprises, and the cost incurred by the setback is also relatively large. But when