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氢氧稳定同位素是示踪流域水循环过程的有效手段,流域景观类型及其格局对泉水同位素效应的影响是景观生态学与同位素水文学的全新交叉领域.本文以哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区的全福庄河小流域为研究对象,在2015年3月—2016年3月间,逐月在海拔1500 m的梯田、1700 m的梯田和1900 m的森林景观类型下分别采集78个泉水样和39个大气降水样进行氢氧稳定同位素分析.结果表明:小流域的优势景观类型是森林和梯田,两者面积分别占总面积的66.6%和22.1%,并具有森林在上、梯田在下的垂直格局.相关分析表明,泉水除受降水补给外,还受到景观内其他同位素值偏正的水源补给,景观位置较高的森林区泉水主要由降水补给,位于森林之下的梯田泉水受大气降水、河水、梯田水、地下水等多种水源补给,其同位素混合作用强烈;泉水δ~(18)O和δD值整体海拔效应明显,其海拔梯度分别为-0.125‰·(100 m)~(-1)和-0.688‰·(100 m)~(-1);研究区氘盈余值随海拔升高而增大与景观格局和同位素循环过程有关.总之,优势景观类型对泉水氢氧同位素效应具有显著影响,泉水氢氧同位素可作为景观水文过程对景观格局的响应指标.
The stable isotope of hydrogen and oxygen is an effective means of tracing the water cycle in the basin, and the impact of the landscape pattern and its pattern on the isotope effect of spring water is a brand-new cross field of landscape ecology and isotope hydrology.In this paper, Fuzhuanghe watershed was selected as the research object. From March 2015 to March 2016, 78 spring water samples and 39 spring water samples were collected on a monthly basis at terraced fields of 1500 m above sea level, 1700 m of terraced fields and 1900 m of forest landscapes The results show that the dominant landscape types of small watershed are forests and terraces, which account for 66.6% and 22.1% of the total area, respectively, and have the vertical pattern of the upper and lower terraces The correlation analysis shows that besides the precipitation supply, the spring water is also supplied by other isotopic values within the landscape, the spring water in the forest area with higher landscape location is mainly recharged by precipitation, the terraced spring water located under the forest is affected by atmospheric precipitation, river water , Terraced water, groundwater and other water supplies, and its isotopic mixing is strong. The overall elevation effect of δ 18 O and δD in spring water is obvious, and the elevation gradient -0.125 ‰ · (100 m) -1 and -0.688 ‰ · (100 m) -1. The surplus of deuterium in the study area increased with altitude, which was related to the landscape pattern and isotopic cycle. In conclusion, the dominant landscape types have a significant effect on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic effects of spring water, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of spring water can be used as indicators of the response of landscape hydrological processes to the landscape pattern.