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【Abstract】The paper mainly analyzes three poems of Shelly’s， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， Love’s Philosophy， Mutability. Although they have different themes， they all relate love， his comprehension of love as he grows.
【Key words】theme； rhetorical device； rhyme
In the thesis， I would like to choose three poems of Shelly’s， namely One Word Is Too Often Profaned， Love’s Philosophy， Mutability， which talk about love and life. Percy Bysshe Shelly is one of the prominent figures of the English Romanticism and was famous for his rebellious spirit against English political and social values. The theme of his poems changes from the love， nature to the changing course of human life. The three poems are about the love and life， but they show Shelly’s different attitudes on love and life， I mainly comparative them from the perspective of theme， rhyme， rhetorical devices and so on.
From the perspective of theme， the first poem， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， which written in 1822， it was intended for Jane Williams to express Shelly’s deep and genuine devotion for Jane. Shelly used words “one word， one feeling one hope” to stand for his love towards Jane. He says the word has been so often profaned or misused that he will not use it to describe the relationship. He then uses the word “pity” to express that Jane is dearer than any other woman. Then Shelly chooses the word “worship” to describe the nature of his devotion. And in the real world， it also applies. Pure relationship is equal to desperation. The second poem， Love’s Philosophy， uses different natural scenes； fountain， river， ocean， etc， to show his love. He first uses his colorful words to describe nature and concludes the rule that all things are in couple. For example， river mixes with ocean， sunlight clasps the earth. And then he spreads to the relationship of human beings and points out love is natural relation from the heart. In the second part of the poem， he transits from the nature to the human， and at last encourages people in love do not fear the opposition of the secular world， bravely express their emotions. The second stanza is similar to the first one structurally. But obviously， the author has put much more emotion to state “Love’s Philosophy”. The whole poem mixes the scenes and emotions， leaves a deep impression to readers. Shelly advocates that though love is determined by physical world， how the world goes， our love is a natural and free thing. The third poem， Mutability， includes four quatrains， various symbols of clouds， wind harps， to describe the permanence and impermanence of life. “The first two stanzas concern the bustle and hurry of life which only conceals its inherent transience.”（James，2008） Human’s lives are as vaporous as clouds. The last two stanzas concern the theme of the lack of freedom. “The themes of transformation and metamorphosis and the transitory and ephemeral nature of human life.”（Edmund，1947） The conclusion is that the only constant is change. The whole poem expresses the changing of life. From the perspective of rhyme， the first poem， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， “The metrical feet used in the poem are a mixture of anapests and iambs.”（Fowler，1904）The style of rhyme is ababcdcd. The second poem， Love’s Philosophy， has two stanzas， each with eight sentences， forms a sonnet. The rhyme is interlaced by line. The last poem ，Mutability， is in abab iambic pentameter.
From the perspective of rhetorical devices， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， the author uses metaphor， there is not one word-love used in the poem， but we can feel the love any line. He compares the love as “one word， one feeling， one hope”. And he compares his love as “worship， devotion， desire” and compares himself as moth night while the lady is compared as star， sorrow to show long distance between the poet and the lady. Also the writer uses repetition to express his strong emotion. In the Love’s Philosophy， the author uses personification and contrast to show the philosophy of love. “The mountain kiss high heaven， moonbeams kiss the sea， the waves clasp， the sunlight clasps the earth”. The last poem， Mutability， the poet uses metaphor， personification， parallelism to describe the changing of life， at the same time， strengthen the tone and emotion of the poem.
References：
[1]James Bieri，Percy Bysshe Shelley： A Biography，Johns Hopkins University Press，2008.
[2]Edmund Blunden，Shelley： A Life Story，Viking Press，1947.
[3]Fowler，J.H，Notes to Palgrave’s Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics.London： Macmillan and co，1904.
作者简介：庞佳佳（1992-），女，汉族，山西大同人，贵州师范大学外国语学院学生，研究方向：外国语言学及应用语言学。
【Key words】theme； rhetorical device； rhyme
In the thesis， I would like to choose three poems of Shelly’s， namely One Word Is Too Often Profaned， Love’s Philosophy， Mutability， which talk about love and life. Percy Bysshe Shelly is one of the prominent figures of the English Romanticism and was famous for his rebellious spirit against English political and social values. The theme of his poems changes from the love， nature to the changing course of human life. The three poems are about the love and life， but they show Shelly’s different attitudes on love and life， I mainly comparative them from the perspective of theme， rhyme， rhetorical devices and so on.
From the perspective of theme， the first poem， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， which written in 1822， it was intended for Jane Williams to express Shelly’s deep and genuine devotion for Jane. Shelly used words “one word， one feeling one hope” to stand for his love towards Jane. He says the word has been so often profaned or misused that he will not use it to describe the relationship. He then uses the word “pity” to express that Jane is dearer than any other woman. Then Shelly chooses the word “worship” to describe the nature of his devotion. And in the real world， it also applies. Pure relationship is equal to desperation. The second poem， Love’s Philosophy， uses different natural scenes； fountain， river， ocean， etc， to show his love. He first uses his colorful words to describe nature and concludes the rule that all things are in couple. For example， river mixes with ocean， sunlight clasps the earth. And then he spreads to the relationship of human beings and points out love is natural relation from the heart. In the second part of the poem， he transits from the nature to the human， and at last encourages people in love do not fear the opposition of the secular world， bravely express their emotions. The second stanza is similar to the first one structurally. But obviously， the author has put much more emotion to state “Love’s Philosophy”. The whole poem mixes the scenes and emotions， leaves a deep impression to readers. Shelly advocates that though love is determined by physical world， how the world goes， our love is a natural and free thing. The third poem， Mutability， includes four quatrains， various symbols of clouds， wind harps， to describe the permanence and impermanence of life. “The first two stanzas concern the bustle and hurry of life which only conceals its inherent transience.”（James，2008） Human’s lives are as vaporous as clouds. The last two stanzas concern the theme of the lack of freedom. “The themes of transformation and metamorphosis and the transitory and ephemeral nature of human life.”（Edmund，1947） The conclusion is that the only constant is change. The whole poem expresses the changing of life. From the perspective of rhyme， the first poem， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， “The metrical feet used in the poem are a mixture of anapests and iambs.”（Fowler，1904）The style of rhyme is ababcdcd. The second poem， Love’s Philosophy， has two stanzas， each with eight sentences， forms a sonnet. The rhyme is interlaced by line. The last poem ，Mutability， is in abab iambic pentameter.
From the perspective of rhetorical devices， One Word Is Too Often Profaned， the author uses metaphor， there is not one word-love used in the poem， but we can feel the love any line. He compares the love as “one word， one feeling， one hope”. And he compares his love as “worship， devotion， desire” and compares himself as moth night while the lady is compared as star， sorrow to show long distance between the poet and the lady. Also the writer uses repetition to express his strong emotion. In the Love’s Philosophy， the author uses personification and contrast to show the philosophy of love. “The mountain kiss high heaven， moonbeams kiss the sea， the waves clasp， the sunlight clasps the earth”. The last poem， Mutability， the poet uses metaphor， personification， parallelism to describe the changing of life， at the same time， strengthen the tone and emotion of the poem.
References：
[1]James Bieri，Percy Bysshe Shelley： A Biography，Johns Hopkins University Press，2008.
[2]Edmund Blunden，Shelley： A Life Story，Viking Press，1947.
[3]Fowler，J.H，Notes to Palgrave’s Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics.London： Macmillan and co，1904.
作者简介：庞佳佳（1992-），女，汉族，山西大同人，贵州师范大学外国语学院学生，研究方向：外国语言学及应用语言学。