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目的了解天津市儿童青少年的贫血现况与营养状况,为制定中小学生健康干预工作方案提供依据。方法通过分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取天津市7,9,12,14岁儿童青少年共2 438名,测量血红蛋白含量、身高和体重等。使用方差分析、χ~2检验对结果进行分析。结果学生贫血检出率为10.6%,男生为9.2%,女生为12.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.081,P=0.024)。城市学生贫血检出率为8.2%,乡村学生为13.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.199,P<0.01)。消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖儿童青少年的贫血检出率分别为10.5%,11.7%,9.3%,8.4%,不同营养状况学生贫血检出率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.742,P=0.192)。结论与2010年相比,天津市儿童青少年的贫血状况有所改善,但超重肥胖问题仍然存在。应继续重视天津市中小学生贫血和超重肥胖的同时防治工作。
Objective To understand the status of anemia and nutritional status among children and adolescents in Tianjin and provide the basis for formulating the work plan of health intervention for primary and secondary school students. Methods By stratified stratified random cluster sampling method, a total of 2 438 adolescents aged 7, 9, 12 and 14 years old were selected to measure hemoglobin content, height and body weight. ANOVA, χ ~ 2 test results were analyzed. Results The detection rate of anemia was 10.6%, 9.2% for boys and 12.0% for girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.081, P = 0.024). The anemia detection rate was 8.2% in urban students and 13.2% in rural students, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 16.199, P <0.01). The prevalence of anemia was 10.5%, 11.7%, 9.3% and 8.4% respectively in obese, normal, overweight and obese children and adolescents. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia among students with different nutritional status (χ ~ 2 = 4.742, P = 0.192). Conclusion Compared with 2010, anemia in children and adolescents in Tianjin has been improved, but overweight and obesity problems still exist. Should continue to attach importance to primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, anemia and overweight and obesity while prevention and treatment work.