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王夫之的文学史观以《诗经》为文学史源头,以汉魏诗歌为最高宗尚。船山认为诗歌自六朝以后开始衰颓,这是一种典型的文学退化观;在论及文体的源流正变时,他更关注的是抒情诗体的演变;在王夫之看来,文学发展原因包括内、外因两个方面,内因主要是由心生发的人类同情和《诗经》蕴含的“乐语”精神;外因主要包括文学与政治的联系,以及重要理论家、作家对文学的影响等。船山因其明遗臣的身份,其文学史观也浸染了他对明亡的深刻批判、反思以及巨大哀痛。
Wang Fuzhi’s concept of literary history takes “The Book of Songs” as the source of the history of literature, poetry of the Han and Wei Dynasties as the highest. Chuanshan thought that poetry began to decay after six dynasties. This is a typical view of literature degradation. When it comes to the origin of style and style, he is more concerned with the evolution of lyric poetry. According to Wang Fuzhi, the reasons for the development of literature include: In external factors, the internal causes are mainly the human sympathy and the “Musical” spirit contained in the Book of Songs. The external causes mainly include the connection between literature and politics, and the influence of important theorists and writers on literature. Due to its status as a benefactor of the Ming Dynasty, Chuan Shan also dismissed his profound criticism, reflection and tremendous sorrow over his death.