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目的了解宁夏中小学生营养健康状况,为更好地开展学校卫生保健工作提供依据。方法利用2014年宁夏中小学生体质与健康调研资料,根据相关筛查标准,共调查分析12 211名儿童青少年营养不良、超重肥胖和贫血的流行特征。结果中小学生营养不良检出率为10.8%,超重检出率为14.3%,肥胖检出率为5.1%。7~9岁年龄段学生的营养不良检出率最高,10~12岁年龄段超重和肥胖检出率最高。7~9岁年龄段男生营养不良检出率低于女生,7~18岁男生超重和肥胖检出率均高于女生。不同片区间比较,银川地区营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率均最高,3个片区营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为31.702,20.737,19.991,P值均<0.01)。测定3 747名儿童青少年的血红蛋白,贫血检出率为8.1%。男生边缘性贫血检出率低于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.692,P<0.05)。银川地区贫血检出率最高(10.34%),3个片区的贫血检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.212,P=0.000)。结论宁夏儿童青少年营养不良和肥胖检出率较高,贫血检出率与其他地区还有差距,学校卫生保健工作还需继续深化。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Ningxia and provide the basis for better school health care. Methods Based on the survey data of primary and secondary school students in Ningxia in 2014, the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, obesity and anemia in 12 211 adolescents and adolescents was investigated and analyzed according to the relevant screening standards. Results The detection rate of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students was 10.8%, the detection rate of overweight was 14.3% and the detection rate of obesity was 5.1%. The highest incidence of malnutrition among students aged 7-9 years old was found, with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 10-12 age group. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys aged 7-9 was lower than that of girls, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys aged 7-18 was higher than that of girls. The results showed that the detection rates of malnutrition, overweight and obesity were the highest in Yinchuan area. There were significant differences in malnutrition, overweight and obesity among three sections (χ ~ 2 = 31.702, 20.737, 19.991, P <0.01). The hemoglobin level of 3 747 children and adolescents was determined. The detection rate of anemia was 8.1%. The detection rate of borderline anemia among boys was lower than that of girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 5.692, P <0.05). The highest detection rate of anemia was found in Yinchuan (10.34%). There was a significant difference in the detection rate of anemia among the three districts (χ ~ 2 = 15.212, P = 0.000). Conclusion Ningxia children and adolescents malnutrition and obesity higher detection rate of anemia and other areas there is a gap, the school health care needs to continue to deepen.