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两次鸦片战争期间,清朝政府将欧美小国与欧美列强“一视同仁”,宁愿让欧美小国享受欧美列强从清朝攫取的除割地赔款之外的种种特权,也不轻易满足欧美小国提出的符合近代国际惯例的一些要求。这样,清朝对欧美小国的外交也不断丧权辱国。究其原因,在于清朝以传统的“天朝上国”思想来指导近代对欧美小国的外交;清朝对欧美小国外交的最主要目的,是为了维护“天朝上国”的体制,而不是保护近代意义上的国家主权。
During the two Opium Wars, the Qing government held the small states such as Europe and the United States as “equal” with those of the European and American powers and would rather let the small states in Europe and the United States enjoy the privileges except the cease-fire claims seized by the powers of Europe and the United States. Nor would they easily meet the requirements of small states in Europe and the United States that conform to modern international norms Some of the requirements. In this way, the diplomatic efforts of the Qing dynasty against the small states in Europe and the United States continued to be humiliating and humiliating. The reason is that the Qing dynasty guided the modern diplomacy towards the small states in Europe and the United States with the traditional idea of “going from heaven to nation”. The most important purpose of the Qing dynasty toward the diplomacy of small states in Europe and America was to safeguard the system of " On the national sovereignty.