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为满足国内粮食需求,粮食贸易成为弥补我国粮食缺口,缓解水土资源短缺的重要手段。近年来我国粮食进出口在数量和结构上均发生了较大变化,基于此本文定量计算了2000年以来我国以粮食贸易为载体进口的虚拟水量及耕地使用量。计算结果表明:2000年以来由于我国大豆进口量持续增长,我国以粮食为载体的虚拟水净进口量及土地替代使用量持续上升,2004年达到峰值,分别为1 244×108m3和1 580×104hm2,在进口虚拟水中径流性水资源为498×108m3,是当年全国总用水量的9%,农业总用水量的13.9%;从区域看,东南、华南、华北是粮食贸易的受益地区,粮食贸易有效的缓解了这些地区水土资源供应紧张的局面,而对中西部欠发达地区的影响相对较少。
In order to meet the domestic grain demand, the grain trade has become an important means to make up for the food shortage in our country and alleviate the shortage of water and soil resources. In recent years, the quantity and structure of grain import and export have undergone great changes in our country. Based on this, the quantity of virtual water and the amount of cultivated land imported from grain trade in China since 2000 are quantitatively calculated. The calculation results show that since 2000, due to the continuous increase of soybean imports in China, the net import of virtual water and the substitution of land use for food in China continued to increase, reaching its peak in 2004 at 1 244 × 108m3 and 1 580 × 104hm2, respectively . In the imported virtual water, the runoff water resources are 498 × 108m3, which is 9% of the total national water consumption and 13.9% of the total agricultural water consumption. From a regional view, the southeast, south China and north China are beneficiaries of food trade. Grain trade Which effectively alleviated the tight supply of water and land resources in these areas and relatively few affected the less developed central and western regions.