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目的运用高频超声探讨缺血性脑卒中(CAT)患者颈总动脉(CCA)与颈动脉窦部(CB)血管结构、血流动力学及血管功能的差异。方法应用高频超声对40例缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉CB和CCA不同部位进行观察,分别测量收缩期内径(Ds)、舒张期内径(Dd)、内中膜厚度(IMT)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)等参数,计算血管扩张性、紧张度、僵硬度等指标。结果 CCA、CB两组间IMT、PSV、RI比较,CB较CCA的IMT增厚(P<0.05),CB较CCA的PSV降低(P<0.05),CB较CCA的RI降低(P<0.05)。CB的动脉扩张性和动脉紧张度明显小于CCA(P<0.01);而CB动脉僵硬度则明显大于CCA(P<0.01)。结论颈动脉IMT结合动脉紧张度、动脉扩张性、动脉僵硬度可全面反映脑梗死患者颈动脉血管结构和功能变化的特征,提供更全面信息。同时颈动脉CB较CCA是容易发生颈动脉硬化的部位,CB应该作为早期评价动脉硬化的重点观察部位。
Objective To explore the differences of blood vessel structure, hemodynamics and vascular function between common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid sinus (CB) in patients with ischemic stroke (CAT) by using high-frequency ultrasound. Methods 40 cases of ischemic cerebral infarction were treated with high-frequency ultrasound in different parts of the carotid CB and CCA. The systolic diameter (Ds), diastolic diameter (Dd), intima-media thickness (IMT) Peak flow velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI) and other parameters, calculation of vasodilatation, tension, stiffness and other indicators. Results The IMT, PSV and RI in CCA and CB groups were significantly higher than those in CCA group (P <0.05), and the PSV in CB group was lower than that in CCA group (P <0.05) . The arterial distensibility and arterial tone of CB were significantly lower than those of CCA (P <0.01), while the arterial stiffness of CB was significantly greater than that of CCA (P <0.01). Conclusion Carotid artery IMT combined with arterial tension, arterial distensibility and arterial stiffness can fully reflect the characteristics of carotid artery vascular structure and function changes in patients with cerebral infarction, and provide more comprehensive information. At the same time, carotid artery CB is more prone to carotid artery atherosclerosis than CCA. CB should be used as an early observation site for atherosclerosis.