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目的探讨四川农村留守儿童抑郁症状及其与社会支持及自尊间的关系,为留守儿童心理健康干预提供科学依据。方法采用自制结构性调查问卷对四川省资中县两所中学的1 596名留守儿童进行自填式横断面调查。结果(1)农村留守儿童抑郁量表总平均分为(14.25±13.15)分,高于非留守儿童[(13.23±12.47)分],二者间差异有统计学意义(t=-2.091,P=0.037);留守儿童抑郁症状检出率为35.6%,女生高于男生(P<0.05);父母外出打工时与其联系频率越低、父母关系越不好、家庭经济越贫穷、越感觉同学不喜欢自己,其抑郁症状检出率就越高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)社会支持影响抑郁症状的直接效应为-0.33(P<0.05);通过自尊中介作用的间接效应为-0.14(P<0.05),占总效应的30%。结论社会支持是农村留守儿童抑郁症状的直接保护因素,也可通过自尊间接缓解抑郁症状,干预策略中应积极考虑社会支持以及自尊的中介作用。
Objective To explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and social support and self-esteem among left-behind children in rural Sichuan and to provide a scientific basis for mental health intervention of left-behind children. Methods A self-made structured questionnaire was used to investigate the self-contained cross-sectional survey of 1 596 left-behind children in two secondary schools in Zizhong County, Sichuan Province. Results (1) The average scale of depression scale of left-behind children in rural areas was (14.25 ± 13.15) points higher than that of non-left-behind children (13.23 ± 12.47) points, the difference was statistically significant (t = -2.091, P = 0.037). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in left-behind children was 35.6%, higher in girls than in boys (P <0.05). The lower the frequency of contact with parents when they went out to work, the worse the parental relationship, the poorer the family economy, Like yourself, the higher the detection rate of depression symptoms, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). (2) The direct effect of social support on depressive symptoms was -0.33 (P <0.05). The indirect effect of self-esteem mediated effects was -0.14 (P <0.05), accounting for 30% of the total effect. Conclusions Social support is a direct protective factor of depressive symptoms of left-behind children in rural areas. It can also indirectly alleviate the symptoms of depression through self-esteem. Intervention strategy should actively consider the intermediary role of social support and self-esteem.