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回顾性分析2006—2013年广东省各级诊断机构报告的658例女工职业病病例的流行病学特征。病种构成中最多的是慢性职业中毒(56.4%),主要是苯中毒、正己烷中毒、铅及其化合物中毒;其次是急性职业中毒(15.0%),包括二氯乙烷中毒、职业性中毒性肝病;职业性肿瘤主要为苯所致白血病。期间死亡6例。职业病发病以2012年发病人数最多,2013年有所下降。行业以制造业为主(64.0%),企业类型以中小型私营企业为主。病例分布在379家企业,曾发生过群体性职业病危害的工厂有46家,占12.1%,其中,最多的是由正己烷引起的群体性职业性中毒事故,共有19起,134例。提示广东省女工职业病发病呈总体上升趋势,有机溶剂是引起女工职业病的主要危害因素,应作为重点防控。
The epidemiological characteristics of 658 cases of female occupational diseases reported by diagnostic institutions at all levels in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Chronic occupational poisonings (56.4%) were the most common cause of illness, mainly benzene poisoning, n-hexane poisoning, lead and its compound poisoning, followed by acute occupational poisoning (15.0%), including dichloroethane poisoning Toxic liver disease; occupational tumors mainly benzene-induced leukemia. During the death of 6 cases. The incidence of occupational diseases in 2012 the highest number of cases, in 2013 decreased. The manufacturing industry was the mainstay (64.0%), with small and medium-sized private-owned enterprises. The cases are distributed in 379 enterprises. There are 46 factories that have had group occupational hazards, accounting for 12.1% of them. Among them, the largest ones are group occupational poisoning caused by n-hexane, a total of 19 cases and 134 cases. This indicates that the incidence of occupational diseases among women workers in Guangdong Province is generally on the rise. Organic solvents are the main risk factors for occupational diseases among women workers and should be the key prevention and control measures.