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人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)是宫内病毒感染最常见的病原体。原发性感染或再感染的孕妇可以将病毒传播给胎儿。先天性感染 HCMV 的婴儿可出现严重的临床症状或后遗症。目前,HCMV 先天性感染的诊断主要针对胎儿、新生儿以及孕妇进行。检测方法有血清学方法检测标本中的抗体,PCR 检测病毒核酸,细胞培养直接检测病毒等。本文就 HCMV 先天性感染的实验室诊断方法的研究进展作一综述。
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common pathogen of intrauterine virus infection. Pregnant women with primary or re-infection can transmit the virus to the fetus. Infants congenitally infected with HCMV may develop severe clinical symptoms or sequelae. At present, the diagnosis of HCMV congenital infection mainly for fetuses, newborns and pregnant women. Detection methods include serological detection of antibodies in the specimens, detection of viral nucleic acids by PCR, and detection of viruses by cell culture. This article reviews the progress of laboratory diagnosis of HCMV congenital infections.