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野生稻广泛分布于亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和澳洲的77个国家,目前公认有21个野生种,我国有3个野生种。野生稻具有大量栽培稻目前缺乏的的优良特性(基因),成为栽培稻遗传改良的丰富基因源和重要的物质基础。我国是水稻生产大国,但白叶枯病、稻瘟病、纹枯病等各种病害一直严重影响着水稻生产。从我国野生稻挖掘和利用抗病材料(基因),是培育抗病品种的重要途径。本文综述了我国野生稻资源的抗病性鉴定与利用研究进展,提出了存在的问题和加强研究的建议。
Wild rice is widely distributed in 77 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Australia. At present, there are 21 wild species recognized and three wild species in our country. Wild rice has many excellent features (genes) currently lacking in cultivated rice and has become a rich genetic source and an important material basis for genetic improvement of cultivated rice. China is a big rice-producing country, but various diseases such as bacterial blight, rice blast and sheath blight have seriously affected rice production. The excavation and utilization of disease-resistant materials (genes) from wild rice in our country are important ways to cultivate resistant varieties. This review summarizes the research progress on the identification and utilization of wild rice resources in China, puts forward the existing problems and suggestions for strengthening the research.