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为研究糜子开花后籽粒灌浆期间淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化及淀粉积累特征,并分析两者之间的关系;探寻糜子在干旱地区的最佳覆盖栽培模式。以粳性糜子品种榆糜2号为材料,采用秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜、双沟覆膜和全膜覆盖处理,并以露地栽培为对照,测定籽粒灌浆期间淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化及淀粉积累动态。结果表明,覆盖栽培糜子籽粒灌浆前、中期ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)、水溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒结合性淀粉合成酶(GBSS)及淀粉分支酶(Q酶)活性均显著高于露地栽培(P<0.05),且籽粒淀粉积累速率较快,最终淀粉含量高于露地栽培,其中全膜覆盖效果最佳,其籽粒中支链淀粉积累量的增加率达16.62%(P<0.05),直链淀粉增加率9.08%,千粒质量增加率6.16%(P<0.05)。但覆盖栽培没有改变AGPP、SSS、GBSS和Q酶活性的变化趋势(单峰曲线),没有影响酶活性峰值出现时间,AGPP和GBSS峰值出现在花后20d左右,SSS和Q酶峰值出现在花后15d左右。相关分析表明,糜子籽粒支链淀粉与SSS和Q酶活性呈极显著正相关,与AGPP酶活性呈显著正相关;直链淀粉与GBSS和AGPP酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关;总淀粉积累速率与AGPP、GBSS、SSS和Q酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关。
In order to study the changes of starch synthesis related enzyme activities and starch accumulation characteristics during the grain filling stage of flowering millet, and to analyze the relationship between them, and to explore the best coverage cultivation model of millet in arid areas. The experiment was carried out by using straw mulching, ridge mulching, double-furrow mulching and full mulching with Japonica barley variety Yuyimi 2 as the material, and the open field cultivation as control. The changes of enzyme activities related to starch synthesis during grain filling were measured. Starch accumulation dynamics. The results showed that the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP), water-soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) and starch branching enzyme (Q enzyme) (P <0.05), and the accumulation rate of starch in the grain was faster and the final starch content was higher than that in the open field. The coverage of the whole film was the best, and the accumulation rate of amylopectin in the grain increased by 16.62% P <0.05). The increase rate of amylose was 9.08% and the increase rate of grain weight was 6.16% (P <0.05). However, the changes of AGPP, SSS, GBSS and Q enzyme activity (unimodal curve) did not change in the covering cultivation, which did not affect the peak time of the enzyme activity. The peaks of AGPP and GBSS appeared about 20 days after anthesis, and the peaks of SSS and Q enzyme appeared in the flowers After about 15d. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between amylose content of amylopectin and SSS and Q enzyme activity and AGPP activity, amylose and GBSS and AGPP enzyme activity showed a significant or very significant positive correlation; total starch accumulation The rate of AGPP, GBSS, SSS and Q enzyme activity was significantly or very significantly positively correlated.