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仁政论是孟子思想体系的主体之一。仁政论系统表达了儒家政治哲学追求善治的社会治理理论。通过对《孟子》本文的梳理和辨析,我们发现仁政论包含了层层递进的理论阐释。孟子从预设“五亩之宅”的仁政理想国出发,提出恒产恒心论,为仁政论确立了理论和实践的双重根基。知言养气论则立足于君道和臣道,论述了仁政施行的主体要约。孟子采用驳论的方式,依据对农家、墨家以及杨朱学说的批驳,对分工论和一本论进行了详尽的解说,阐明了仁政论的社会和人性根源。最后,孟子对仁政的实现也作出了系统的论证,规矩方圆论就是对如何施行仁政的社会治理途径的具体探讨。孟子提出的仁政并不是通常意义上的人治,而是熔铸了德治、礼治、法治和仁治为一体的善良之政治。
The theory of benevolent government is one of the main body of Mencius thought system. The theory of benevolent government expresses the social governance theory of Confucian political philosophy pursuing good governance. Through sorting out and analyzing Mencius this article, we find that the theory of benevolent government contains a theoretical explanation of gradual progress. Mencius set forth the theory of constant production and perseverance from the ideal state of benevolent government of “Five Mu House”, establishing the double foundation of theory and practice for benevolent government theory. The theory of knowledge of nourishment is based on the theory of “Jun Tao” and “Chen dynasty”, and discusses the main offer of benevolent government. Mencius adopted the method of refutation, based on the refutation of peasant family, Mohist School and Yang Zhu theory, elaborated the theory of division of labor and one theory, and clarified the social and human origins of benevolence theory. Finally, Mencius also made a systematic demonstration of the realization of benevolent government. The theory of the radius of the rules is a concrete discussion on the ways of social governance of how to implement benevolent government. The benevolence put forward by Mencius is not the rule of man in the usual sense but the good politics of integrating rule of virtue, courtesy, rule of law and benevolent rule.