目的探讨miR-146a调控骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)成骨分化的作用及其分子机制。方法贴壁法分离培养小鼠BMSC,检测成骨分化早期标志物Runx 2的变化,观察BMSC体外成骨分化,利用miRNA特异性的聚合酶链式反应(miRNAspecific qPCR)观察miR-146a的变化情况,并干预miR-146a表达,明确miR-146a对BMSC成骨分化的调控作用。结果成功建立了稳定的BMSC体外培养体系,该细胞能够成功分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞;在成骨诱导培养条件下,随着成骨分化,miR-146a水平降低,过表达miR-146a,成骨分化早期标志分子Runx 2表达降低;转染miR-146a拮抗体antago-miR-146a可以补救Runx 2表达的降低。结论 miR-146a负向调控BMSC成骨分化,拮抗miR-146a可以补救BMSC成骨分化的降低。 Objective To investigate the effect of miR-146a on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The changes of Runx 2, an early marker of osteogenic differentiation, were detected. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was observed in vitro. The changes of miR-146a were observed by miRNAspecific qPCR , And intervention of miR-146a expression, a clear miR-146a BMSC osteogenic differentiation regulation. Results The stable BMSC in vitro culture system was successfully established and successfully differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts. With osteogenic differentiation, the level of miR-146a decreased and the expression of miR-146a, The expression of Runx 2, an early marker of osteogenic differentiation, was decreased. Transfection of antago-miR-146a, a miR-146a antagonist, could reduce Runx 2 expression. Conclusion miR-146a negatively regulates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and antagonizing miR-146a can reduce the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.